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ĲǰſȺһûеŮʿһԼͣȴĿ˴⡣ 
Ҽİҵһ糿ûл㣬û⣬û֣ҲûֵĻЦֽû׼ʱ͵ҵʳﶼģĲɵظɻеɴͿһֱֱؿŴ⡣ 
·һжֹˡ 
֪˶ãһ۾˼Ҵҵ߽ĽŲ˵ĿⶼתϡȻûעЩ԰Ͼ̲ˮŶͷ 
ֱߵߣսҵĶò˵ 
ˣ衭ˣ 
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оˣ¹ȳһ˰衣 
ҾϵѪһӶ˵࣬ץñӺһվƤгҪȥѧԺ 
ˣˡҳϵ鼱æסң¹ѾӿϽˣңȻذׯ԰һܰɡ 
Ҫȥɯ 
Сһܰȫ׷ҳ˴˵ˣ·ȫǾǹȥˣҲ˺ܵ 
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eһһǰԹ졣ҰñѹͣӴֹ̻սǴȥһЩСŲߣҴææӻؼңһƬҡ 
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ģǲԼɪһ 
ɵСӣΪʲôԹԵشѧУڿɲǵӢ۵ʱ򣡡 
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ΪʲôҪǣ嶯¬ˡȱ˶ҵĲҲңЩ߲ܸǺɫӦðǸϳ 
ԣԣõ¹Ϊų򣡡Ͼпĸ͡ 
Ŀ췢ˣǰʿҳֿȭضԿǹŰɣӵ͸ǵţĸ׶ǵʬʧʹ޵ʱǲ֪Ϊһͷϵķйʲôۣ 
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㣿ӦûѧԺɣȥʱ򡭡ڡ 
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ԼɪЩתͷҲ֪ӦѧԺ˵Ҫһ 
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ɯлϵۣ 
Ķأתϲֵܹץסҵ֣̫ˣ¹ѾˣҺܵ㣡 
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ҡִٲͷסѪԲĶأҡûúô¶ƵָŲţҪİڣ 
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Ŷġҵ˵æ׿ʼ䣬ǵ¹˸ɵģ 
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˭ҸôֹЩĺӣ 
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ǵģҺԸôǣڣһѹסɴһ߸ϵɴ⣬Ѿ裬ÿ·ڶи̫̲飬뱣çײСӣõİ취ԹԴ 
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ӽʮʱѾʼˡһСһСӺǹʵĵ¹̤żʵĲӴӽܹӿֻţֵĽںԿȺһֺͨš 
ڵĺǸԱȻ˸ɾؿɯм䣬ǲҰ׵ɫʾʧѪ࣬ʱܻȥɸǰ̲飬û뵽ƧС·ײϵ¹˵ڣΪϴʱ͵͵ɯϵڡ 
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ʿźɵźϵˣĿһ԰׵İâϡ 
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һҪӣԱȴͻȻһͳ 
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ʿתžһ񡣡 
һĸߴ˴Ӽճߵҵĳǰ 
Բ֤ܿ𣿡 
ĿȻţҰпࣻÿ治ʱ򡣡 
ͳ֤һ߰Ķһףʼһšһŵؼ顣 
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Ǹ֤ңܸҪȥĶ𣿡 
ظһ߸ղŵĻԡ 
տ۾ˣܻ֪ɣϣмͽ·ǵʿͶ͵ǵһˣһˣǱСĵ㣬Բ©ǵģԲԣˣ 
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ȻˣǿЦЦһ棭 
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ξһصס֣סĲӰƵڵأһǹ 
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ˣ̼ǰһֲ֪ǿ־廹ǷŭĶҵԴҶǸװĶħӲ 
ذǹ䣬˸ʿʬߣȻ̤һصѪҸǰߴӰʵʵصס⡣ 
΢ЦŶ˵´βҪŵĻѣΪҶѪζСڣΪ޴۰ɣ 
辯֣֮ǰѾ̫͵ӹܡҴû뵽ΪҾȻѶܵ¹˵ʡ 
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һʱԲöԽΪ±ʲôڡ˫ߵǰµİ׳ƵƹϷкµӰϣֻ΢΢ͷδеǱһ̲סݺݵһۡ 
һ̶ЦȻ󻺻ذյǰһ̲ݻˮζұӡ 
ı滬ˡӦþ߱սӦе̬ȣҰڳһļӡףûκʸָҡ 
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̲סһȲѷſϡ 
Ƣ˵ûкôˡξͬ۹⿴ңһԸǺλС㶼á 
ʹҵĶ亹ҸûпڣҰȴгͳǰȼ 
ʿƵģҪ𣿡絽ϣܰ𼸸Сʱǰ£ 
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лϵۣôһ춼ûϢ 
ȥɯˣǿܹͻȥõġ 
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Ҳ㣬ӡ 
 
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ллѾ֪˵ʲôˣǵЦУƽһ̻ذ衣 
ϴ֮ƿͷţڰ͵̨Ƶƹ£ɯڴϡ 
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һĻ 
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Ϊʲô 
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ǰһ˵һеʹߣ˹пˡ롤ξΪұ֪뿪ĵڶ죬һμ 
ǾȻǸĵ糿 
ǸϢɯĸ׺ǶһֿµĻ֮̿УҾǣΪƲֻҪԺ󡰹ءЩͰȫˡҷѾȹһǲҹո𴲣Сʹʧɫͨ˵в֮͡ 
ɳ뿴ˣһɫľװؿһö۵ʮѫºһöʸѫ£ñӷڲ輸ϣͷڳƽһҫۣտ۾ƽؿңǾȻ΢Ц 
簲ξش˸кܱǸҺܾöûˣôʽʵ˷ѡ 
ħЦŨˣֻ֣ҵļ⣺ֻǶʾһò˵Ǹܡˡ 
˵ɣʱ仨ϣ㵽ʲô¡ 
ǸͻȻ쳣ңҪΪԼ˵ԲǸᣬڸˣҡŪһЩ¡ 
ŶҲشЦ̫ˣξ̫ȱˡҿɲ֤̿ͨҪȥҵĸס 
ǸĶҲȥ 
֪ˣҴһȻǸαļһ 
ĶС㵹һǲξȴЦˡ 
˵ʵɣʵҹչǣǧҪлȥԶһĵط 
ҷ˺ܴûԼȭͷϡ 
Ϊʲôֲս 
ȷǣǸΣշӣùԹԵģҪٷ˵徫ڷģǶ˶ǺΣյġ 
вң 
ҵķܱ׼ǡѡ 
㵽ôҪǮǸҲ˳ֱۣ˵ɣ 
ŶƢĲ̫ã΢΢üͷҼǵּҶǺкѽ 
ұ̸̽ 
ξҺվûʲô£ȥɣҵˡ 
ҲαװƽգĶСѾŵÿҪȥˡ 
ξøĪҺһȻüëشñӣ߳˿ֻŵһɲؿ۾ֳ︡һֲεĵ˷ܡ 
Ǹļһ 
սǿµģÿ˶ü 
û취ʱġβֻ͡üٳŵĴǳ˼⣬ҲûġҽɯٺҽӴΪǶĻɣɺᵹǾңٷΪǵһЩɵĶͬʱ 
һڻָ޿κεĿ˵ôỹҪ졢ԱҽˡмҡʦиҵΨһĲͬЩ¹˵ġ 
ָڼϻ㡷ĵһᶼһеζҵı鿴ҲƺôգҪ̫ƽҲϴ˵档 
ǡԳЦЦϾǻǹ¹ӡ 
û̵ĸдǶҵĽһֱܵģôĶأǻûߣ 
⸽ˡһҲ뿼⣬ֻҪûǾͿԶǶ񼸿ô׮ɯ˵İ̽Ѿˣʱһ춼ûж 
ҲǸϢ 
Ըˡҿûֹۣ˭֪𾴵ĲξԴ﾿ʲôأ 
ô죬Ķأؿҡ 
˵ʵҲ֪ô죬е鶼ͣУƺΨһľǵȴǵȴʲôأŹңһлָǵս 
ȱӣȻˣ˵ûʲôĵĻһҪֽ͹ƷĶȫȡ̵ﶼǿտյģյ¹˵ġ򡯷ʽ֮ܲճӦҪʼȱˡоǰɯӹס˵ҸǸ̫˵Ĵӱ¹ռˣҵﲻȫ 
ɺԴҲʾͬ⣬Ƕҵ̬ȴ޳ɣʼأѵһֱ𣿡 
ԣӦøһ㣬ǰһЦ룬ȥϵǼҿȹô˵Ѿ¿ҵˣҰ˺졢סɫ 
Сٱݣ 
ù̲סҲЦˡ 
ĵһжܰġ 
ڡȹݵ¶λƷһɽɺͬķʽţ̿ȡٽ֣ԿֱĴïʢͩһֱ쵽ֽǣ͸ͿɰĹÿĵĺ졢סɫϣԼԼҲԵôʥࡣ 
Ĵ޼룬ѩ׵ĳɫոӻΧȹԶǣΪȵʱ΢Цŵͷһ䣺ζô 
üˣֻĿȡ 
ش֮ƯĴ̣ѿЦˣüͷ֮ѺȵˣеĶÿ 
صķŭص˹̨ǰ 
ɺλǿͷѲߵĵ¹һͰĳƬɡӢ۽ҵھƾŵĿȡ 
¹û鷳𣿡ҺܵģǵƢɲá 
ڻûУʼ磬óڷαװƽССĵֿΪ֮Աǡ 
ȥǲʮ׵ĵطŲǹĵ¹ʿ˽ûκжɷϣǶʱȣѾñ񣬾ݷõھӣܶ෨Ҳ𽥷ġ 
ǿȥͦʵԲԣüĿ˵ֻǰڳһռԽеļƣ 
˵̫ȷˣһİͻȻԤشԱ߲˽Ǵһתͷ㿴һɫñ΢Цš 
ҾԼȫļⶼˣȴϲؽ˳˹ģô 
߹ȥȵסǸ˵֣غţȻ˹Ķأᣬһûϳɵ¡˹ɣĶأǰ˭ġա 
ŶǵģˡеȸӣźǷֳ̣ҵһĴЯߡ 
áЩȵ΢΢ͷˣ˺ӣһҲûϳ 
˼ҵġ塱һ̸̸ֱǲɳˡ顣 
ҺίظĿǰʽһжˡ 
ѵҲΪսˣһҲΪǵ¹Ӯʤ𣿡۾Żɫ 
Ȼ嶯ؽ뷨ǿɲ 
̬¶˸˵ı飬ȴѹңǸݶʵĳ˽˵ģҸǣûꡣһǻתΪʤΪǹ¾սǵǹƥˣ۷ʲôֿĻ治ӦϨҲϨ𡭡 
˵ɫһӶˢףǵģλӦ˵ÿйķ˶ʮմֽӢ㲥̨ݽµֿ˶ԣ 
ҲԾսȭͷ۽ǵɨĵˣǻǸĲɵӣ 
˹һҲμ˵ֿ˶Ϊ˱ߣҵһؿǰˣھһΩͼˣ¸ҵսʿˣ 
ҺǶһۣԼͬ¶΢Ц 
Ҫ𣬴˹ͳֽͱԼĵַ͵绰룬бҪӭҼϸ̸̸ 
ɺҲݳԼƬ 
̵ϸֳĹСĵذ⼸ֽսڴ£̫лˣǣǶķˡŶˣңƷܿܳˣǵĺϴһ졣 
˶ܾǸеִܾ١ 
Ŷˣǣ¸ڣڷҪһᣭĪ˹˹ֵĴ󹫹ԣǿõ԰ǴӣˣǰֽлΤҪľžˣһܵ룬ϣʱټλǿ԰ȫһġ 
ڷˣһӹŵĽʻûʲô飬ʱȻҪ᣿ 
Ϊˣ˵ǵ¹ıܲһе׵·ӶȥзĻȦˣҲΪ̽ǵķӦĸ̫ٶˡ 
ԭ 
룬ʱڱϻһԼռߵìܣΪҺɯȡһɵĻðɣ˹Ľ룬һȥġ 
ճӦԵʳƷٵÿ֬ѾʧˣڴҵĲϼ٣С㳣ΪһżСʱĶӡ 
Ϊ˳ﵽֽȹѵ£ɯĸĸ˷ӣԼɪס˰ԶŮĵؽҡ 
úչģ𣬲۾˹ĵϽʦεؿңΪܸЩȻˣ˵ʧ񡣡 
һҲᣬʵܸˣɯδ򰡣ҲҵΡ 
ǺǾ飬ڵκ˵пԣϣǲҪذׯ԰ڰл񡣡 
ҲֻұĸҾȥƺκ˶ãʱҲӦ¶ˡ 
ĵĵ˵ͷֺ˼ǡ 
ɯסߣ쳣򵥵 
ĸ֮Ҫ뿪һԭǵԼɪ£ͬѧҵ¹Ĳʯʲôġ 
ȥ׼µģüͷ˵ 
кһС¹Ƶ龰ʵڽפļѾһЩۣСбͱһҿԴɫ鳡ﱻնϲӡԼɪҲɹͬ¡ 
ѡȷģϾֻ17꣬ǵ¹һ֣ɲЩ 
ģ侲һ 
ҵĻɯƽס 
֮Ҿȵط֣ԭľǳ¸ҵسеһְ𣬰ճؾٵÿĲһٶζͺͣöСҲ޲ڡһƽһǧСǼʹͬòʱǰ߱ʾ޴ͲŸɡٴԼûбƸѪͳɱ۾ĸȻҲǸǳǵˡ 
ϣҴٷﵯġ¹⡷ɯذͷٸϲĸҲģΪرϰ 
ʣĶءҵָһЦˣ֪ʲô𣿡 
ͷ¶ı顣 
㵯¹⡷ʱҾܸеԼǱŵġ 
Ŷƽʱû 
װģװɵЦ֪Ҳ˼ 
Ǿ˵׵㣬δǸˡ 
۾͸е峺ǸˣĶأǳᣬ㰮ŵÿһ˶ȫĸ飬Ȼʱܳ嶯˵ҲûԹ㣬Ӧ֪ΪֱʡϲȻˣҲΪЩӵذ㡣 
ҵϾȻ΢΢죬ĻҸеһɴδйۡ 
̫ˣɯ 
Ҳǡ 
һʧǵ˫м䡣 
Ƭ̺һֿǣСһ˽и룬 
ŵɫ۵ݸңҿĻ塰M 
ڷ˾Ȼ뵽ңҿЦһڿڴҴӦ˴˹ȥҲΪɯ 
ģ 
ǲеȥġ 
ҵסĪ˹˹һСʱ·̡ѹûƤɺܼ򵥣ûˣ 
ȼͱ÷ǳϡУ˽˶úܳףƽû֮ǰûȼϣȻûʧȥԼĳӣĶҲѾ˲ٻҳڽͻȻսǰ˲ٲСˣݵĽͨ߾ǽ̤ 
ɯȰ˵ΪѵشһùȥȻ˻ɫķ£ñסͷڻԻ͵ĵƹºۣԵڷ˵լۡʱҪͳһҽȥ 
ļһؿֽƬʱӴӶĽγһ˵ԵĿˣһ˵ĸӺܸߣ𷢱¶İ׳£տ۾ʱȻ΢΢سҵ˵ͷ 
ΪʲôǼأ 
˹пˡ롤ξȻͦƷȫڵĽ¹ͬһģʵ˫һ˫ʽѥӣŴñ߱ɵñܺǸġe֣ôҲΪԵ̾ 
ĮĿ⣬ת첽߽ûʵĴ 
᲼õ쳣ݳޣĴʻŮˣֶڶϽĶŵС컨ϵˮޱȣλε棬ѩ׵Ĳ϶˽εĺʳƷͺͿϣСϡӽȡһҲҲʶȱĺۼ 
ҶһڽؿЩ໥ѵĿˣưߣҲб΢ķӭߣһЩǺһԸȴΪˡҪκ̸ֻɡʹ˹к͸Ͽȥ 
ȻһԸ뷨һֱûλѵӰڽʵŮǲÿһλĿ˵ġ 
Ŷģҿ˭εεŮҶʱ̲סĵ̾Ϣһ 
ϵ۰Ȼŵ߲ˣ̫ˣڷһľϲǰһ¶װͲϵʯҡҡλΣһ˶ëӡ 
ãˡҼһ˿Цл롣 
ŶŶô˵ҵҡɫ۾ĵ顣˵ԴӶԺͺ罻¶棬ôСô𣿡 
ֻŮˣ 
ѽĻİסԳԵЦˣ֪ʱŪ˰ܶŮѽºֲŻ治ңʵҲһֱĽ 
ǱǸˣˡҸеθһܡ 
ⳡ˺̸ܲ˺һαĵͣعάңڵشҵġ֪ҲŪĴȻ˿ҫԼһĻ֮ 
ҵɫԽԽ䣬ʲôҲ˵εЦЦǳʶȤ߿ˣӭһȺŶӵĵ¹ 
һһƣʼΧɢѰҵǡҼǵô˹ƺһЩ飬ҪڰʮҵҲһ׵¡˵Ҹ̨ĵطһӰȿңҺܿ˹ 
̸˵סҵ֣Ҳ϶͵ˡ 
ȥأҵδ޶ҡ 
ЦǵģǵģӦ⵽ǱߺİɣָŴߵļλʵ 
Ȼҵͷ 
ЩҴ󲿷ּ˵ǶһЩٳֳϵ֪ʶӣȻǼİߣǲԼͬ¹ˣҺηرԼռ̬ȡ 
һЩССĺ򣬲֪ǲҲȤμأ˹Цݿ䣬ȴܵģȻ˶ڷĿˣ˭ܱ֤ûһĸ̫أ 
ȻЩǻǺܽģֻǺ˵һʶԷԷǳõͶʣȻǹڡҵģҴĦſһݵµֿ֯ıֽǿرʾԸֽͶʣڡȫʤԺ㡣 
˹ܸôġϻˡһΪ˸λǵķ 
һ仰˵ĺܵͣÿ˶Լͬ͸һ 
ĲײҶĻ÷ͻȻͣĶһֹŹֵɫңӦ󡣡 
һɲԤʱĵһعͷξ߹ 
̸ʲôǣϹ΢Ц 
ǹֵģξҽӹĻɿظ˹˸ɫ 
̱任˹еЦǺǣӦǲǴһڸļ֪ʶǶֿʲôҲ 
ξҡҡͷÿ˶Լ֣˭Ԫ׾ͷǳϲҺ߸ɣˣأ 
ܶ࡭ҿûȤ̸ϵĶ 
Ŷ̫ˣġƺûǸղŵ̸ 
˹ңֿļλһʱ䶼˼ 
һسһ߹ȥȻˣξǾ˵˵һƷͬļ⡭ 
Valde beneעüˡ·ʶɨԱߵһۣҵĽŲ 
˹һץסĺˣѸٶȻЩѻɢӵء 
ŵķһ룬ǰˡ 
ʵ״˫˵ĻҲжʱ򣬱̸ϲͺյġǱЭЩٵļҲû취˽ⴥڰʱǴиļԹܷٻż֪ФڶгǶĸ֡벻Ҳʱʱ򣭣Ʒλ˵ԶԶʤĳЩۼҡнŮˡ 
ʵ̸²³ǴʵʱҲû˵һ۶ʹģһܹõĽΪһССξȻܳϯΪ߲ᣬʲôأ 
Բ𣬲ξ̲סЩ棬Щ֪ʶļͥ𣿴ӦҲǹ塣 
޳ָŪļ˿𷢣ˣ¹Ѿûֶˣ 
һֳŪĿһԴȵĿϸѵĵ۹ˡ 
ʲô飬ˣѵΪйҵĹϴͳᱣúܺãΪÿһоѪͳ˶ΪԺ 
Ҳ˼ 
ôҵĳӦóΪעĶҸԸұˡƺұʾѺá 
ڷЩ֮ҲΪԼгΪѵĿܣͷȷʵ衣 
ѵڼǳ𣿡ҵĳĬٶȷЦ 
ҾڷңɫʱúҲΪĻݣϾһɱ˲գ۵Ĺ֣ 
ˡ 
˹Ҳȫˣһȸɱľƣ˿̵ίߡ 
ˣξһһ£ 
һû䣬ͻȻץסҵֱۣԲ 
ֶӸպû֧ӣҾ̫ڷԣǵġǡҼӡĻ֮Բ 
ͷеĿңԸ֧𣿡 
ΪҵĶëξڿЦ 
û˵꣬ľƱͱˣֱεץס϶һȻһɲǣһûô¾ͻء 
һЩ˵һž״ӹһеض˼²ԼǱ§˻һŮ˵ơ 
Դ˵һ죬һŭͷþȫҪƿַֺֻһ壡͵̧ͷԼûôؿ۾˿˫ʯһ۾˳ŪϷɫ 
ļһң 
þȫϺݺݵһţüͷһ壬֣ 
ǽŵŮŮͣ˶ԶһСȦӡվڵУûԵĻһԥذѰӵϡ 
޳ܵĻ쵰ȴһ޹ң΢΢˶еȣôˣҵò𣿡 
˳ùһõϵش𡣡 
ΧŮ˵ľУ 
ĶأһϤҵǣشȺм첽ߵߣ侲һ㣬ϵ۵ķݶϣ 
סȭͷ 
ʱ˵עߣֶӶֹͣ࣡ЩңЩִٲ·ȼ˻ǣ 
ԺҲǣһϳֹҽȥĳ嶯Ϊ 
˵Ҹ壬ֻξվԭأָϵľƣطŽ˫۾һֱضҡ 
Ҿô˿̵һߣ 
ģ쵰쵰ĸµ 
һѳᣬһϴŴֻŶһʹ 
侲㣬Ķأɸ֣ݳҲź 
侲ĸ˻ܵ裿Ұסҵĺڷִֻĵ¹ÿ֪ҽŮһ§˻˶ĵ 
ģĸҽ໰һȥ 
Ҽ磺Ķأ̫嶯ˣкܶ¹ˣһѣ 
ǰռκκôԭҲҵʹ˹뿪û뵽£ 
ǵҲЩǱɿˣƤðźͨ졣 
ԼķŭмسǵͷԲ𡭡 
仰Ƕģ᲻ͷػӻ֣ɸɴתͷ 
뵽ʮǰ£ĵ׻ǸеһҲô˵ģ 
Ǹһ˭ĶأɽʵǺʶ 
Ǽֱϵ۵ĳͷҺ޺޵һڣ˹пˡ롤ξɱâڵ֣ 
ǲԼͬؽһ 
ɵɫҲúԭ 
ǱˣĶأ׽Ū㣡ǹģ 
ȻȻҾ֪ûôɵطŹңֹ뿪ͿԿˣһ棡 
ôôΪ˼ŭ㣡ɵĵط㲻ܸԣ㶷ռȴ޴ 
ȥ 
е޴ɣ֪ʱȰûõģԱߵ̾һַҼϡ 
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ڿʱѾҹʮһˣɯͶСڵңϷõȿȡ 
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ʲôĶأҪطʱɯסң͵۾һ㲻ȷʣҾԺ󲻴Ծǲʲôң 
˵Ů˵ֱһֺܿµڿġ 
ȷʵ֪Щ˶ЩرĿ⣬ǺܹãϸĵĹ֪ܿҵ˼ 
ˣװġЦĶͷֻһļһˣûʲô˵ġ 
Ǹ¹𣿡 
ҲȻغһкܶ¹ˡ 
ңĶءַҵǰ֪Һܵ㣡 
ǣǸ¹ˣһںı飬ܲϲҵӣΪҳñ˧ 
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ɯ۾ٴӿһֿ־壺ŶĶء 
ҰµģģģһҲûİɣҲµģ 
Ըˣ黹û꣬Ÿոտʼ 
壩 
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ɯҵýֹ꣬һεѯΪʲôԲԵЦŪȥֱɫ߽ٷ 
ӽҫۣҰѵɫĴһ룬ӰպסǰƬ⡣ɯվɫŨĵطڸ߱ɳҡ 
ĶأţǳΪѵؽָƺôʣЩ̸̸ 
ʲô£ѵ⣬Ϊ򲻵ӦңǾֽ𵽺ȥɹɣ 
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EСҹ㵼ˣתͷǿЦЦʲô£˵ʲôѽ 
ͻȻ㲻Ҫֿ˵Ҷ֪ˣǸϷ¾ǲģ 
˭ģ˿̫̫ƶС㣿 
ⲻҪ۾ֳ︡еļǲģ 
վס˫ۣԲװġֻǲ㵣ġ 
͵˽ҵĻסҡ 
С㣡§סظļͷû˵ôأֻǼһ￪һЦȻܶӣǶûʲôʵʵ˺ 
ʹҡͷ㣬ĶأûŹ㣡ϴξǣҲǣǵһαʼûʲôģ϶ 
侲㣬ɯ 
ֲõԤУᱻٵģ 
ؿŻˣ촽ˡҾúܲӦôǳҵ֮⣡̫أ·ҪӪƵġ 
һʱ䶼֪˵Щʲô 
ӦңĶأٺˣȥ㲻ܺΪУ 
ӦҲŶ԰ɣ 
˵Ӧҡ 
ҿǰ˫Ҫγˮ۾ӲĵǾ仰֣صص˵ͷ 
ɯǣסҵĴҳԾ 
ıŵ𣿻Ҹȥξ̸̸һٶʲôĿģõʲôأѾˣԼҲ侲һЩڳ嶯£Ϊɯһᾡơ 
ɴɶ㳡Առһ㽨Ϊӵʱ칫ңɫĦгͻͻͻؽźɫɫסÿűµ߻񡣵߽ŵʱ򣬼ԸеһļȻͬĺ䡣Ӳʲôǿס񱨳˹пˡ롤ξ֡ 
ܼķǵ˵Եô죬ûر֤飬ûԤԼҾͲȥ 
ҷ綼ûãһսǰ֤λݵĶûκμֵ֪λ޹ǹƥǸһʦȻ뷨ԶֻǱˣ 
׼һԵʱһŹֵĿȴߵĻȥ 
ȵľͷһľ٣ñ¶ƺɫͷһרע飬һǳɫ۾СֱֱĿңڷҲ֮нļ߹Чػ̬ȡ 
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˽£ҵú̸̸֪Ϊʲô˵Ҿúܲڡ 
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ô׼ȷ˵ҵҴһ漴Ϸ죭ϵõ¹Цˣ 
ⶼǸ޳ܵļһҵ۾¶εķŭ 
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ҲΪʲôԸȴܿݵЦЦǲΪУֻڷϾƽ 
һⶼûеĻشҳĬŸ߽ĵط 
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ңңǲʢֺڷ۾ˣ 
ҾѪҺֲܿƵسԴӿǰ¹ʢֽ𷢱۵һ 
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ֻһɫĳ͸·Լճ̬΢΢¡ļ޳֫ŵĶЩҲΪϵһڸʱ˲̲סС̾Ϣ 
ѵֻܹΪ˸Ҷ𣬲ˣߵǰ˫ۣΪʲô̸̸أ 
Һһһյõĵɳ 
ȵʲôڳһˡļơ 
鷳ˡӲлˣֻ֪ͼ 
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ӱ˫ۣԭΪֻ֧ˣû뵽Ȼҵĺ⡣ 
ǸطгȺŮԸĺ⣡ 
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ұҭ˵Ǻ޳ܵ˼㣡 
˵ξУںܲʶ˱˴ˣⱾһֲңҲֲȥûΪǡѺáıʾֱ˵ɣʲô 
ǿͼ޷Ӷ᣻ͬذѹƷ˻ص¹߼һľͰĿ˸мֵƷ˽ղϣǸ¶ǵֽթҿŲԶǸ漣ҿʼĵϸԼӵеĲƲ²ŵʲô 
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ĿǳŪ֪κһȨУϾϵһÿЦ˵ģ֡ҴС󣭣 
Уҳվһһ˵ûŵǹϺҲԶ˵˵Լûʲô˾ıһЩ˻ԭ򣭣ôһþȫҲһ١ٶ裬סһ㣡 
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ܻܲһסɯġ 
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˵ΪԽԽ㲻ˣ۾ûκϷŪĳɷֻ֡רעңҪҿʼࡣ貵ĽޱȻظ״ͷ­ϣķǳҫۡһ˲ͻȻֵĸо 
ҶʶһʼͳƫҲôǿҶƫִ϶ǸʮļһôܴϷָĽӽ˵Ķ 
û˵ʲôĬĬָڼϻ 
ֹȻãܸеղŽŵˡУǳؿڸٱߣ·˯ˡһڿеʱ̧ͷϾȻ쳣º͵ı顣 
̱һαװ΢Цȡعƣñվ 
̫ˣˡһһУƾݱھưҵ 
֪Ϊʲôҽȴû䳰ȷԹеķ༥ 
ƺҲ֣ƫͷ˿ұſȥȻʲôƵñ³һЦİɣΪ˽ġ¹⡷һŬġ 
ʦǴҽΪҸһзĿɰͷҸ׵ѣһĳߣͬʱžƤڴԼʮɯǱ͵⡣ 
ҸÿϸڣϲУϢ 
Ƿǳ֣ҶȵĺԼʣǺңֲʱظṩϣҾòӦöκһᡣһҪõʲôͷǲ˵ġ 
ڵĶءͷ׵ʦϵ۾ȥ˹пˡ롤У˵Ӧǵ¹ͷĹ壬Ϊ½ıĲĸףϮĺʮʱμӵӣһͨʿڵУֻꡣ 
ô˵ǸŵļһС꣡һصĴܸҵͷ 
Ȼ1938Ժ¹½ͳ弯ŵȨһǧɣҪһĹỹûġ 
֪ΪʲôһССξʱܳϯǲμӵᣬЩ׵̸¡ĶġﻹѶ˵ЩʲôʮʱֻŻȥƭ˭أ 
ʦ˵ģǴһƽλϵģôǮܾܿͲĶʲôأ 
ˣڸôأƤУĳȻûʲôȤҸַ绰ѯʿȴһжˡ 
ֻҪи̫ھûʲôɵĺˣʦϰԵĴָĶأλУ˵ĿڲҪΪ²̫ã˵ε¹һ˶Ǿֻ·Ҫôװϻ˵ӪҪôڼǹ 
ҵ౻߬סˣ϶𣿡 
Ǳϲ©ġ 
ɯ 
Ҽֱһô 
Ҹô뱻أûĹϵȥ 
ʦĴָžžֱ죬ķֵҵѶǰǶлᣬΪ¹˲ûзѷɡƽռ뷨Ըŷһ䷶֪ǻǽ򡯵ģǻỨʱװװӣڲҪ̫꣬λУӴƵһЩɣϾʵЩáϢҪġŶΤлҲΪŬӦֹЩ 
𣿡ЦһЦȴһ̲Ŵ˺裬ڵ̺ϣɳ¡ 
ҪӽǸˣһڱǿȺڷϴĸоǰΪɯİȫһ÷ǳĸԸڸԼ顣 
鲢ûôѣΪУԴ¹⡷֮󣬾ʱݷãʱҺͶСҴһЩСͬһŵھӡҪҸӣȻڸԱߵϺ죬ʱйѶе½չɯڿҲʱֻ졣˼֮Ҳòиõĳɷ֣ͳö̸˹ķȤǸܺõĽ̸󣬲ԸǾ仰ȴٳû䡣 
ɺԴ˵ķӦֱ񿴵ʵе췽ҹ̷һеԭرɣҶģȻҲҪ˵ݡСȴ˷Ե¹˵Ŀ־壬Ҳʼ˾衣 
һֱһڡ 
ĩʱˣδűװɫװܺÿˡ 
ժ±ñϣ۾ȵؿҡ 
¹⡷𣬲УҾе֣·ʲô 
Ұɣ 
ڿʲôЦüͷ 
¸һͿǮδ޺ǸûԵĵܵˡ 
һӴٵվ 
ģǵѾˣûбֻҪ˷ͱͽܳˡָôŹ⻬ķ֣˵һŬģ˰ɣ 
ҵĵ͵ӿһϲõĳˮ·õĹͻȻȫ˴أǰ𷢵Ļ쵰˳򡣡 
̫ˡ̫ˣץסִЦţҵȻ֪һа취ģҪȥ߶С㣬ɡǵģھȥ 
ֻУ޲ȫ綼֪Ϣ 
һֻȴһסӡ 
ż֮Լɣ 
һͷϾȻЩȣȻǵǸʱҼΪνġԼǸЦֻҪեȡһرĶڿô¡ 
УɡǡͻȻʼڳԡ 
ʳ԰ɣ۾ҡ 
ǡڷǷǳ׵ģҲ̽ȥ 
Ǿˡ 
վܰ㿡ϸֳһ˿ס΢Цһֻҵ 
ҵĿʶسһ̸еϵˣ£Ķأҵļܺá 
ȵĺϵƤӵ˫ؿҾԼҪϢˣ 
ȵȣ͵תͷĶ˶䡣 
УؿסҵͷŤЩ䣺ˣʲô˼ 
ҪҪȼɯҾ¶ƽ顣 
֣˼ؿҡ 
ͻȻее㺦£ΪҸղŵΪôǰǲǶ׷ˡ 
ʲôҲû˵ֻ˫ֱأ˵ͷãû⡣ 
ֻӱܣӱҾܵΣ鼱֮вҪû뵽ǸŹֵĵȻͬˡ 
ּɯ 
Ůˣɫͷʧȥ˹ȧͻһЩɫ۾ֻڿʱŻϤĹʡ 
Ķأץסҵ֣ڼˣģΪһᣭ 
꣭Ҵ˵ҲϲĻ 
һصͷ 
Ҫģװģҵ߰οУѾ˵ˣ¸Լɪ뿪طһ̣ 
Ȼˣһġֱɿزһ۽ǣһĵصţ֪⼸Ҷô𣿡 
ߣҷŬ΢Цţϵı顣 
㣬룡ҶԼ˵ʲô඼ܳԣΪ 
ԣס˲Ա߻и۵ 
ǺܵĲУһҲΪǮܴˣĶأҪĲЩ 
ֻҪǳʲôҪҾҲ֮Ľ׸ 
ǧСİĶأкܲĸоÿᵽǸˣҵδ޾ͻ¶һҿı飬ҪСģ֪㡭 
ͻȻˣĻ 
ʲô 
ûʲô΢Цսҵֻ֣ҪסҰ㣬Զ㣬͹ˡ 
ȻҲһ 
һһ鿴ֱؿ̽ԺС 
ˣ 
ɯģӦ÷ˣУŵԣҾ·ˡݵıӰʧںڰµӢȴڲԶ¶Цųص߹ȥŬһνߡ 
ôˣܸЩ˵ɽ˺𣿡 
ⲻĵ£У 
ǰôֵ· 
ĬĬصͷ 
ӦúȣǷȴ䡣 
ڱͱǩ˵˵֣ʷϷСײ 
һֻظֲڵָҾȫӲ쳣ҵգ촽ͣ 
ڷɫӽ߬סң˵ҵļܺãҪʲô 
űȮע¹Ȯȷʵͷ 
УתЦЦҪ󣺡ڣҵĲˣ۾ɡ 
˫䣬ԶԶҵ£ȴ쳣ȣȵҼϢֱֻ۷ҵϣεذҹ̶ȵĺëһᣬеζ޼ɵسҵıǻ 
ǲ̰ȴԣʼƽɱΪһǿϵҲӴҸеʹҾȻĪؿ־ 
·һ͵ʱ䣬Щ׾춯̱壬ʹһ¡ȵҵϴ뿪ˡ 
ʽġУ촽Ц˵Ϊ𣬲ˣ 
ֻлϵۻû£ 
ҴûʾҷθֻǿŹغõţ¶𣿡 
һûУΪĶ㣬ȫĴʩУ֪ڵʲôҲСİͬǿǿɲˣ 
ҵġ 
Ұ֧Ʊϣۺñ͵ĸ֮ԼӦõΪֹˣУԼ°ɡ 
ȻǣЦȴڹڱŤôŹֵġ 
һصңʼȴ 
ϲѶɺᶼˣʦҲǳοССеΪɯ׼һУΪԼɪóʱķ䡣֮Уûҵ٣ƽ͵ضȹļ죬ҵɯؼҡ 
һС꣬һҲûӰҵ顣ҽƤ׼óӣҪʱȴӵ˵绰 
Ķأ𣿡ǵʦǸðˣġ 
ǲѾ˿Ķ죬ɯϾȥ 
ĶأͻȻһ漴ֵȥˣ㡭侲˵𣿡 
ôˣҾú֡ 
ҺѹҪǿЩ 
һֿµġĪԤһʱ˳ŻͲϯȫ 
ôˣҿ־ʵҪµģ˵ 
ɯˡ 
 
ҸЦٵҲ⣬ǲôɯһġ 
ĶأԽѣɣѾʬ˳ˡ 
ҷţÿµѻͲмϣƤڶʮڸϵ 
ԶҲ޷һˣ 
µúܴˡڿŴµ˳ɡվǶǰĵϷһܣһˣȫŰİײˮѾѲŪʪģճģ 
ƿƤ֣Ӳؽҿǿ鲼 
ɯ۾ȴѾûдǰůĺ 
Ұ§ƤҵϡҸеѪźˮ¶ͬĶҷŭڳеˣΪʲô䣬ģ 
û˻شңǼµĸ̫ͱӶԱþֺЦļһƤ͵ץҵֱҪҲһеرҵĹ 
ûܰǷֿԶûС 
ߵȰ˵ԶһƮƮȥʲôҲ壬ƺҵ֣ 
˭ 
ҷƵĽһͷҰޣ 
һͻȻһʹҵ˫˽࣬ﳢζһȴ׾Ҹǰŭţ˫۷·ȼգ 
㺦װˣĵαӣ 
ԼɪԼɪţ 
һϣѰɯѽ㻹ң 
һֱ£ҵѾʪ͸ˣԼɪҸеǵĺ䡣 
ΪʲôӦڽһؼҰůĿȺ׼ˣСϲˣҰеĵطɨøɸɾ 
ӦڽؼңΪʲô 
һ졣 
ٷصš¹⡷صټŲؽԭλ϶ֱӡ 
ɯǵķ˵ҽҪʬΪʲôָҴ򾲼 
ҵյģʲôҲֻǼ΢Цǹеʱ⡣¸ҵظԼģˣұҹҹڻʹУһôп鰡 
ҲףΪʲôԼɪôң׷ʲô£ΪҺɯ 
͵ʦڿ涵ĶС㡣ԭŭȫת˵ºӿĲΣζٿڣֻǼҪĸ衣 
ϵ˻ʹûCġmiԴһʪ͸޻ֱƿ߽ҵ֡ 
ĶأЩ𣿡 
ãҲ԰׵ЦЦã 
ûڶεؿһԲҺѹ 
˵ˡ 
һһװˣλ¶ҽոաոոɯꡭ 
ĿҺ۾򵥵رʾͬͰȻĹɹ֤˵СڼԺΣҴʬȴЩ˺Źµ࡭ԽʣſԲ鵽һЩˡ 
ʲô˼̲סĻ˵ɯɯ 
ŰǵģˣϻЩַĺۼӰ쵽˶̥˳Ѫ 
Ҿס͵ذڵϣ˵ʲôٸ˵һ飡 
קùҽսսظŸղŵĻҡλС㡱ȷʵѾˣȻҿնɵİʾ·ɿ˳䡣 
ϵۣôô̵ضԴĺӣ 
ҵؿڷ·ҪըˣƵĵĴŵذ壬ȫѹںĶ 
סҴҴ֣ĶأŶĶءŵǺѹסҵ壬ҷϡ 
ҰͷģˮǱģǰ˶ôµʹడΪʲô£ǰô˭ģ 
ǡЩɴħһǣǸɵġ 
Ķأ˵ȿҵֱۣӿڴͳһ򿪰ŵİֽɫķ˿¶Ҵɯճȭͷġ 
ҫ۵Ľ𷢣ѣĿֹһεظ̾һɶͷϣ 
 
Ĵʹҵ࣬˵ǻں޻ǷŭҾȻͷԼ򵥵ļһȻһ֣Լɪ˵ûҺɯҵ޴ǡ 
ι㻹Ҫװ˭ʱһ˫ɫƤЬϢǰؼ 
ЩŵվԼɪҪ 
벻Щıһô죬ԭɬϷ·һʯ̳ߣ۾˱һޣ촽űһ£ 
лȳȥ𣿡 
תͷңѯҵ˼ҵͷʲôҲû˵ 
ڹһ˲䣬Լɪ͵ץסҵ죬סҵĲӣǴ³Ǽ֣ 
ҡˣ 
 
Ǹĺ£ѵ𣿡ʹ޵ı飬ҵʱǱñֻһ㲼ţԱǸ¹סҵ֣ҵ죬һᣭ 
Ҿˣ 
УҵʱԼɪڳģʲôˣʲôˣҵԭ𣿹ֲôѵΪǵģ 
ǣԼɪΪʲôӦôηŶԣ 
̲ס¶ԼʣȴĳЦΪʲôΪУĸٸպȥ칫ǩ֣û뵽ȴǰˡ 
ʿԼɪ칫ҵģ 
ͻȻҺȻʶĳЩ£ 
һжǰźõģҪҳܽʹ࣬ɯһʼûбͷŵĿܣԼɪңҵĵˣΪĿҵġѡ͡ɥңڵ˵аԼδͽ˵ 
վЦˣԼɪı鼱֣Ƶġûٿһֱۣţ¥ 
е˶ĶԾңҸһ˴һСᶯ˶ȴסˡҸмؿɡš 
˹пˡ롤ҪɱˣһҪɱ 
ɡϷġաÿһߵúܳذҵ̵ֱۣȡ 
ѾӽˣɫΪƵԵʺڵø磬İ칫ﻹŵơҸҪУ˴żңܿ첦ͨߵ绰ҷŽȥˡ 
ҵûκεı仯·Ҫ鲻Ҫһ߽Ǹıĵطʱûӿ졣 
ҵĳ˾Ϳϣ̣ڵƹƺзŭĺۼʿؾصվǰһľȻ 
ɡվſڣˮڵϻһԲεӡǡ 
Уͷڵ£ѥϨĸ̧̧°͡ʿžźת뿪ǳɫ޻ƵĿңҵߡ 
ˡɴɿӿۺã¶΢Ц 
ߵǰؿ˶촽ɯˡ 
֪ˣΪѹ 
Ϊʲôʹ˿̵޶ԣӦҪ 
ǵġҵĻûܱǸ 
Ǹ˾Ȼ˵Ǹ򵥵Ĵʾһ𣿡 
һѪҵԴһͷʨһ˹ȥײڵأȻɿسذף 
㵽˵Ǹɣ 
þȫȥг˾㵣þ˵ͷذϻһѪۡ 
ҽٴ̧֣ûиһᣬһסҵԱˤȥʹﴫҲ㶪ҵĹߡ 
ģ𵽣ѹסңһΰҵˤڵϡһذڱ׵ԶԶġ 
ҵ۾ˣһеŤͷŰҼֻҧȥ 
ȵĶҵϷһƺߣžذһǶ⡣˿ڣǰһѣΡ 
ٵƤѥұӵʿ쾯ѸٵƷͽǵĳǰںڵǹܵҵ°ͺͶͷŵĸ첲ĵۣ 
УѪģɫѿˣʿƣȴһƿ˫ɫңȼ˱Ļ棬ǰδĿɫ 
ס򢣬һһʵҪɱң 
ҳſ˿ĭʬΡ 
ţ 
̵ӵӦѡһϲķʽԼ 
Уͳֽȥϵĭ˿̵ķŭԶ׼ҲΪԼпܻ߳ӣǣ 
Ϊʲôֻһ㣬ֻôһɱ 
ҧ޺޵ضǰˣ 
٣ҪɱһǵֿӣСһʿЩֻؽ鵽Ӧ̰ǹС 
Уɨ˸һֿۣ˿ңҿϣ˿Գȥˡ 
ʿһӱɫǣ٣ 
Ҳ˵ڶ顣 
ʿǵ϶ֳΪѵɫʿݺݵص˵ңƫƫͷҵֱŤһֵ״ڷϣǵһģȻѥش̤Ҳˡ 
󴦵ľʹǰˣʲôУ 
УһԲصͷֱϵ˺ۣȻЦˣоˡûһԴᱻڵϰɣ 
 
Ϊδ޻¸أδ̫޴ˣ 
޴ǾȻ㣡 
̵˵⵹ʵȻ˭ڵһμʱôԸλѡ 
Ѿûں޺ͷŭռҵĴԣͻȻԼʱںһУԼɪ۹⣬ΪҪ˶ҾͻɯΨһźûɱ˺֡ 
˵Щϻˣ⼸ϷѾˣýˣӮˣ㶯ְɣ 
Ϊһɱ㣿ҡ 
ɱɯһָһġ 
ıһαú֣۾·һ˵ĶȻ૵ȻҾ֪ 
üͷıݸе̧ͷӴҵĿ⣬ƺҴ˿̵ĸܡ 
ˣˡ˵ϱͬǰһ٬Ҹ˵ڲһأҾʱһȤ飻ΪҲʵֳʿı롣 
һ仰ͳЦҸӵʹΪɱϷ𣿡 
ʼ磬һֱûʶԼУԵȻҲΪΪжЦ 
ħȷʵ޷ĸ顣 
ŶŶŵؽҾȻܺᲢۣҰˣΪôԼδ𣿡 
غһԸ̸⡣ 
Уûı顣ߵǰץסҵͷʹҵ˫ɫ۾ȫ䡣 
֪ˣһжǵ÷Ϲ̶ı׼Ϊǽܵ߹Ľ趨õ֮·ǰѧҵ飬һ˳ˡӵҵͲƲͬʱһᡢŮӳˣ˳µذӴһһҪȹһӣһҸļͥԼҵɹԼӿ֣Ľ˿ȸȻǵĺӺһ˳˳ع꼸ʮꡭǵԲԣ 
ҴûĿ 
һʹޱȵĿżЦͳŪ·ͨ׷г˿Ц־硣ľһأ 
ˣ 
ӵӵսˣͷƤʹǲңôܶǵĸ飿δమģΪʲôǵĽ׸ǶѰ鵱ɼҼҾƣİ͸һе裡ҲûҪΪҵĳֻûʧԶ˵νİ飭ۣ 
ûԷΪ˵ûκá̼ⷬңôĿȻûдﵽûϣŭָľͶɯĻ쳣ƽ 
УٵغţܿʶԼĵʧ̬ɿ֣תš̨ƣȻ󷭿ǰѱ˵ذףû˵Ǵ׵ĸ򣬲ΪԼκ£ֻĬĬעж 
Ҳɱģˡ𷢵ľٴοڣ˵ҲȫԸҪɱֻѰ·ǹûС 
֪˵ʵǸ޴񣬶ռͿһֻһ˵һεرҵжСƵıЦǣ 
Ϊһ𣿡 
ЦˣȻᡣ᲻ͣسԣֱɹûϵҲ⡣ 
УߵҵԿ״ 
ͻҵĹؽڷһһվüͷǰˡ 
ʼ磬һνı飺߰ɡ 
ûȺɻһϱ¶ɣҪԼʲô 
Һѡͦε˻صԼλϣذԵһϣ¶ȴŵ΢Ц 
һɱң 
һؼˡ 
Ľֵֻкٵˣ·ƻƵ˸ţȻʱ䣬ǹʵĵ¹ѾϽͷ 
ˣˮҵͷ䵽ϡҰִڿڴûиоһůҵҲĿۿ 
һжӣҵڿｹصңԼɪó޺ͱӵ۹⿴ңɯҵɯû 
֪ԼıˣҵĳЩ뷨׵׵ظıˡУгһЩ¾ܶ¡ 
ôʹڿʼɡ 
Ըĸ״˵绰Լɪ֪ͨͷˡ 
ûа취Ϸ򸾣ҹǡǰҪŮңҰ͸ǵĿ޵ݡԼɪʲôҲû˵ֻǰеı˲۾ҵǰ˵Ļ 
һɱǸˡվٷĴǰҵģҲ׷Źɯ֣ 
ؿңֻǺһ 
۹⣬ᰮһᱳˡԣҲ㵱һ֤ˣһʵŵԡû쵽ôȨɱң 
˲һ£þõؿңƺںһʵԣ֡ƽһʱ֪ԼԼûлͷ· 
򵥶أɯһŵķ񡣡 
ɫĹľΪдСҹֻаףԶ޷ɡ굿ʺдİٺϣڹľϣʪصܿǽ׵ҵİһˡ 
վĹԿŹǵͶɫ԰׵ĸ׿ץסҵ֣·һ̾Ҫɯ뿪һӵ绰ʹӰׯ԰ϵ裬ڸռҵʱʲôҲû˵ֻεرסңĻҲԼôܻʱƽ 
ŶĶأĶءҵ֣ںɫɴ滮һۼ 
֣ЦЦ 
ĸ׺ǵǵĿ°źɯ£һɣ򶨵ǳԾôΪ򵥵ʽ͵ȥ 
ŻڵʮּԺ󣬱һ߹ǰұﰧʹ֮⡣һеŻ񣬵ȴעһϡ 
еġźɫñСӵ¶˳ֿ񣺡Һѹˣû뵽Ȼ¡ 
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Щ˹ǶµңǻõӦģ 
ǵġѹʾͬȻתͷĸ󵽣裬ͿǺ±λ̸̸ 
ϸֳĵɫĶء 
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ҵĶͷǸ𣬺һкŴҴͣųȥˡ 
ɯĹǰֻʣҺֳ̣￪ʼǰʪζҶŴֲڵʯϡž˸о죺ˡ 
ˡĳ滹˳ɣ˹ʵ 
ıȻ⣺Уûʲô©Ǻܰȫлİˡ 
ŶⲻʲôҰ˰֣һֽòҲٶһ 
üëҲ˼ˡ 
Ӧʶµֿ֯ĸ˰ɣתĶء¡ŵϣܼ롣 
ң¶һȻ飬ȴҡҡͷԲ𣬲ˣҲ֪ô˵ףµֿ˶ǵĸΪ˷ 
֪ȷʵΪҺܳ嶯ҲӦһʮĳˣλý׶Σ˽ԼжʲôҲҪǸһǹȻӷֲֻϣԼܰѱ˺ͳ޶йһõĵطΪɯҲΪԼ 
ˣǺܸлİһΪΣյҵ 
ҵӺͺҪȰԶΣ𣿡 
 
һ˲ľȣȻñصͷȻˣһתģٸϢˣϣܿǰڸϵ˶ˤȥͷǡ 
ҵͷû˵ 
̾һת뿪ˡ 
ĹϵĻ۾ 
װģһʵԼŵԣһʱ䡣 
1940ףʥ֮ǰɢںĿУƺϵĴڲ֪ػָʶȱƷʷѰһ죬Ҳüȥ 
ɴûӮöԴеߵսۣǳʱĲһǵƢʼñ꣬еƾٶʧƽҲԵ¹ĻɫƷʮᷳжԻԽԽ࣬¹ܵżǴǹ 
ǵķӦǼǿ˶ռĿƣҺһӵ۾ţʼ˺ĺۼؾͻв֤ܾš 
һжǰһҸеͲƽҰԼľ˸Ҫϡ 
½ӹˡҹݺĹ;ӪҰˣ˴󲿷ԱһƸˡˡҰѴǰֻɳнеݳĳڴϷԺĹݣݳС飬ǳڿάϣһСϱݣҺܻӭֻÿλصԺԱе仯һʲôġ 
ɺᵱȻ֪ڸʲô˵κֹҵĻΪұܡ 
Ҳĸ֪Ҷ˵˽ԽԽãΪǡҹݺĹɶϣҲȥѾЩݳСļǩԼ֣Ǻܰȫ 
ȥļ֪ҲǵңĶأðգֻҪһ˱в߶ᱩ¶֪ζʲô𣿡 
ΡǹСӪҵȻǳ 
ῴϵĮеĶأǵʱҲȲ㣡 
ǣһ㵭Ц⣺ѣ㲻ҪûƵ顣 
տʼϴһ£ðɣðɣҳ͹ţʲô¹˲֪ġҺСģ 
ҲһСġļ磬תɣңһᱣԼġһʲô嶯£ɯǲԭҵġ 
ǣֻڴ˹ɡỹмֿ֯ĳԱ֪סĸ׺ˣҵƤҲΪҲáǰöĹԼѡ 
ʱţԽԽ߿ʼԣڵֿ֯һΪ족ˣһЩӸ̫ӳˣ͵ռͿĽ紦ӳߣݳĻ͵ʿ߾ 
1941괺족Ĵǵһ쵽˰ɱһԵ¹վıըжԺ˵µֿ֯ 
ҲǸʱ𣬿ʼڴ벨УһʵͬĽ֡ 
ʮ 
1941İǵ¹˷Ƶĺõط̫˵˼ 
տʼǶķнڶϣǿ·¹֮ģ̫ڴˣԳвض̫ûղƲϾɱ 
¶ʮգٷ䲼һ·ϵ̫ˣûƲһöƴСĺڱǣη۴Ϸúڱд̫ˡκΥ 
˶ĵ 
Եҿʦɫ㲵شǸǰʱҲɶֹطŭ 
ǰﵱ׳ˣЩ 
Ķءǳ޿κε̾˿֪ûκηÿռӰ쿪ʼҾǳ¡ 
Ҫߣ 
ǵġѾ˰æͨ˹ؽڣ¸ھʹȫȥǣȻӹ°óļǰĹеĲ֤ȯȫ鲮ˣֻСҹݺһӮֽ𡣡 
лл 
ƣЦЦΪһˡӣúñԼɡ 
ҴӴĿ͵ʦıӰʧڽֽǣļ䡣 
ֿ˶ǰһӼңԴҿʼһЩɱ֪Ϊĸ׺Щ飬ʹʲôҲܰġһеǰǾԲ֪ 
ԼжΣգ¹˶Ըǵֶ̫ˣÿһжڵ裻ڲǰһս12籨Աոҵһȫʱͷָ̫ȺǡһļڴҵһַȮǶǶšҲϣҲԼϣԾʹõ磬ϵж 
߶Ҷ̩Ժݳ;УһԵ¹ҾֵԱͷƤὫΪѻֵĿ꣬һ޳ܵͽ֯˶̫˺͵ֿߵĲпж˲ϡҵǰѾѻֻװʱԱԺ͵̨Ϸĵƹ֧ϣ³ɺͬݰͳȥеĲ趼Ѿݹˣϳ˶ڡҹݺаźõģ⣬ôӦûģҴֻ60ʤ㣬ʣµ40ÿӦ 
˿ʱ䣬ѾˡñӺףƤȥԺ 
߶Ҷ̩ԺǰõıݳĴ̻ͬԻͣĲóʱݻټΪӭߵȤζǽرϵӥλ£ܷǳؽӴ¹ϲ١ 
ҴӺ̨Ĳ￴¥еİⴹһġe죬õװڷΧ̨ŰĶǸͬı־ںɫąeмȴ˸ԲοնƹȥԺûܷһǹܺһ˫۾ 
һŮҵעѾ4Żױ䡣 
Ŷõġлл 
ҴվԱȣƿ4Żױšһλݸ߸ӵھǰϼٷҹţ뽻̸ 
뿪ݻаСʱ׼𣿡ҴױǻҳĹ 
ˣҰݳˡĺ۾Գ򶨵ɫ¹˸ղм飬ھȥ 
סǹ̴С¼ٷ·ԱмȥѹŽϷװľǳȹ 
õġƤգգ۾СĴɱҵġ 
Ҳû¹ץ֮ǰ 
Цתȥһν硣 
αݵġɳˡǴ˹ѾҳĻ磬Ǵʱڵİ£ڶͻķθǺܺõжռ䡣ڸԺ̸һЩºķãҲھ糡 
ã 
̽ͷ½ĹڣưռֱϹŽ޵ŮˣǫʿСͷһ¶˲٣ѿ˵Ӱˡ 
ʱڿұߵһ˳֣ɫͷڻԻ͵ĵƹͦε׺ɫƷҫۡ 
ԭ쵰Ҳˣԩ·խ 
ޱɨһۣʺƺԼܵõͬĻӦǷǳȻػصλλڷ˵֡ 
ʲôأ鸾Լ᣿治ϣĹڰ 
ҵЩӣȻɫػص̨ҲκкӰ쵽Լ 
˵ӵʱ̨ĻҴֶرλעбϷİᡣŰֺĵ¹Աʹ۾ķͽѾ¸̨߰ϵıݣɵĻǻŮ㹻ǵע⡣ 
ͳ˿ʱ䣬ǹ컹жãϣ߲Ҫκ⡣ת˿һᣬУھ۾ؿűݡûϵأ̫ˣǧ£ 
·ӦҵߣӢͻȻתҡʹڻ谵ĻУȻظе˫۾ÿµȰҵճҵı䣬æװʶӹϻƿĿ⡣ 
ѵһҪЦ 
̨ϵĸƽ̨µˣȴѵù֣ĺˮԽԽ࣬ƺδ 
ڣڡɳˡ˵һ˲䣬һӵںֿ˵¹ԱԴһǹƤᾯҼ˲ʡ 
ÿĶǹ룡 
һվİҳһţɿذѳٰ£е̰γǹĴѰĿꡣ 
ֶأţԱǶ֪˴ӡһǹ˱ŴˣԺһӾ 
ʱҷֲУѾվֱֱҡ 
򶨵ת£ȥ 
ߵŮ˶˼䣬ȻתȥһͳмİԱԸ˼䡣ӺӺǹʵʿӴźͲ룬һξҪԭأ֮ʮʿͳ˺̨ 
һ¹ڴ֮ͥ£»Ȼ󲨰ɣ 
ԼλϣЩ˽ˣĿֻţͷӶֻܰռƻÿһ 
УܿشӰŸ̨Աηһߣͷ𷢡ˡ 
ˣʱǸˣҰЦԭǵܱ𣿹ֲýÿɲô 
ȥ̨Ѳʿܿ˶ƵƼϵǹ˶ąe졣Уɫе㷢̧࣬ͷЦɨ˵һۡ 
ܺãüˣ˵ڣŮʿǣǣǵͬıɱһλ¹٣֪ζʲôóǵ֤ʵʵشλϱ𶯡 
ʿǿʼÿ˵֤Ӧ֤֤ѲǵƤһЩɵˡ˳ߡУʿǵĹȷ˴ĹںֶӣȻʿѾԺеԱֱʻ 
ʱû취뿪طˡҾЩģΪûҵ߻µĹ˵жܳɹѾȫĻԱûȥŮʿǵȹӣǾͱץ˿ 
뿪λӣ̨һʿǹҪҸһȥʼ磬Ľ顣Ӧһһͷҷξ߶߶ʺڻ׼صŻױϢ 
ڵõǰ뿪Ӳض˵ 
ǵȻģܵʱʧܣ˳㡣 
ھǰȼһ֧̣Լܳ˰꣬һû취ϰŶɬζ治Ϊʲôô벻ҵŪģģģ壬һǷԼˣԭ͵÷޵̣һּڽ飻ɯϲ۾ҲԽԽǳ·𽥱ظǣǰûⴹڷᣬ¶ 
׸ıһ𣿡 
ҺݺݵϨ̣ʱرƿˡ 
òԽԽ˲ˣУҸûͷ 
֪˭ڱǰȻĮҵʺأЦеشӺھߡ 
ҵʻѾˡûµҿԾܾش𣿡 
УûңұҲϲű˵ĺ˵ 
Ҷ˶ǣΪѵת 
ܺáϸֳı飬ϲؿ㡣 
ûκα仯ôҫۣôͦΣһϷһ׿ϸС˺ۡ 
ʱһΪʲôһ 
ﲻɰɣܺذƽȵķΧڣɫķŭҲ˺ܶࡣ 
㻹ôֱӰˡУժñԱߵĻױ̨ϣҵϰ˵ķʽѡðɣʵףġ 
ݳɹ 
ЦЦҲָ̨ϵĶҵ˼ 
ʵ˵Ҳ˿ʲôҲֻ̽ҡ 
Уüë·ϵһش𣺡Ȼ֤ıߣһ˽飬ǰɣ 
ٴҲûа취 
޳ʳָҡҡô˵ѵˣʱ˭ʶµģ 
Ҳػش𵽡 
ϴһ룬͵رһЦĵòˣվ˫ִҵļϡҿ˫ǰɵһ󷴸Уӡ 
롭ԭ£ˡò׿סԼ̧ͷңŶû뵽ҲῪЦǵģ 
һҪЦӡ 
ҿЦ˵ʲô 
У˸վֱӣʵϣˣԱеʱ뾯ͬʱӦһӾʹλվʱȫǹǹû˻쵽һ˵ʹǹ˭֪µĵصأһӾͳмİȥˣѲĵر𷢴˵Ⱦ֪Ҫ°ɣ 
亹ҵĶ˳Ҿֲ֪򵥣 
ƾʲôô˵ѵһֱ𣿡 
ǵġͻȻսҵ˵һҲûһֱڿ㣬˸տʼǻҿ˿֮⣬һֱڿ㣬һֱҿ㲻ʱͳַڷճȭͷͷᣡ 
 
ϵѾٴЦˣҾһڻĶҲ 
ҲԾ󿿣תƿôֻ֤ҵʱֳΪݳģϼ᲻⣭ 
˰ɣֱشңΪЩĽͻã 
ͻȻܰΪҺɣ 
ֳһ̣ǺðɣУҴߣıɱ¹ٵҡ 
ûֻڿһȼʱ΢΢üͷûң֪û֤ݣ˵ͷʵѣûʲô˵ģ 
һ仰ҵɴ۾˶ϼûκξ֪ԣҸ˺ѽ 
ҡ٬촽Ǹһﲻεһ£ʾԼˣһԴܵɵӣҲã 
Щ̫ôأУҼǵǺѪӡ 
𷢵ɴһָ˵·ϵġSS־ӵļƣԱҳϡ 
Ŀ·ǳŪߵһСΪĴ󵨵һ 
¹ˣһһѣҵ𾪣ˣҲ֪жٸСǸ˵¿ؽһͦõ𣿡 
ע˼ʵоһ򵥵ߣûɴһǵԪױпȵĳݣµһϷһ棬һ߳ŪԼͲϷˡ˵̬ȣһûεسǰ 
ҪװҲ·˵ϻմڣâɯѪ 
Ӧסе˶ͿͲʿҽеʱһɸɾǶͻԼúΣգοлһҲ 
ЦǷ졣Ļ˵ˡ 
ŶˣǵĶԻѾˡߵҶߣ˵ղŵĻҲûеͰ˵ܺˡ 
ůůϢҵƤһĸоҾûӲһ˲䣬ظоշ·Щıˡ 
ʮһ 
һıɱԺ󣬵ߺͱɶڷĶԻδ̫ˣ 
ҲȻؿעһ롣ӸճһЩһǰʮѫҵĳȵĺȻҾһ˿̿֡ 
Ϊ̫УüͷҪƿ 
΢ֻһְʾûʶҵķУĿתؿңǳҶߵ˰Ϊʲôʼܱ֡߹󡯵ıأʹôغң㻹Ǳ񡣡 
ǲӦø㼸ȭðѵɱ㣿Ц˾˵дĵĻ 
ŶҲ֪ʵҸԸ⿴ŭʧأУԳ˵ӳӣֲڵĴͻȻҵűҵ촽ϣӣα˶ġ 
ҵƤ·Ƶһ飡 
һǰһ˵̸跴ڵ֪Ƹ죭 
ô𾴵Уû£ϿԶɣ 
ͣҴϵָһ£˻ȥ 
Ұ˿ǽһӵȴǶǸ˵Ļҵ͵سȥˡ 
УֿҵĺϣǿҿǶտ۾·ҪȼƵģ 
ĶأĶءѹҵ֣֪ʱıֱҷ裡 
ǵģҿˣ 
оһѹȣĳڿһȼҴıζ˦ǣһҲԼҰ޵ı۲۵ķӣ 
ʹȴû˿ãѹ̵˫ҵϣסҵ죬һʳ޲еҧңҵθҵس鴤ҪϢһֻֿʼҵ·ʱ̧Ⱥݺݵس߹ȥ 
ƺһȴذڵϣüˣˣüˣϲӣ 
Ѫ۾ȼգڲŷǰԼĿεжã 
øס֣УڲСʼҧгݵвڽôʿ̳Ȼǵĳſһϣ͵°뱲Ӷ׼ɣ 
⣡ЦôҲ֪㱻һɴǿˣԿɣ 
Ϊ˱ҵͷΪѵ£̫ίˣ 
һ̵ģ 
ôСıҧͷ 
ŶŶЦøӿˣŷɿһ£ͻȻɿվ 
Ҵ㵵סˣָͣڸոķĵϣ 
ʱɰУƷϵĻҳңı飬ǻ氡 
ЦһѪϷҴϹ۾ 
УڻױǰɢҵݣȻñӴϡ 
ˣˡٴαǸӢͦľģϣѸղŵЦϡ 
վûֻŪߣ蹷ҧһΣˣ 
һļµػ˻֣ŶҵĵǶġĻָĻҪǿ 
ҪлĥЩسǱƫƫͷУûбˣһ˴ 
Ȼˡ˫ЦЦҲѾ湻ˣǳл 
ϷŵĶţֻͷƤգգۣôˣ˲٣ҺܸܺվͬһϿʼ 
 
Źϵһ̣ץһ档 
ģ˻޿ײ룬ʱضӰҵ顣תžֺ׵촽ͳֽʹز˼£Ǿö֮ÿë׶ڡϻȥҵúúϴ裬ˢɾ 
Ķأ𣿡 
⴫ҶԴ촽Ĵ³æֽŻؿڴ 
ǵģ档𣿽ɡ 
ҵŹİͷЩϸ΢ĺɨһۣ첽߽¹˰ǽйˣ˵ǾԺ﷢ıɱ 
ǵģڱݵʱġҰԲȥһԱˣƤˡ 
ɵɫܲÿĶأѵ㡭 
ʼ磺ʲôҲ֪⵽ôµÿǵĵ 
ɱ죬תת飺ŶŶǵģӦǵġôû°ɣҿʿԱأ 
Ҳովһ¡Ѷʣε̯˫֣ǽŻ㵽ҹ뿪Ļ͸Ͽ߰ɣĸ׽һʱȥˡ 
ɵͷ綣ҲҪ¹˷ͻ 
ллĹģһġͳֽдűˣܰҰŷϷҵ°ԱӴˡ 
ȻԡнǮҸ𡣡 
ٴΰɷǳʶȤûҵġСϷѵǷĵףҺܹⲻȥĵҲұ΢侲һЩҸĦ۵촽뵽֮ǰǸ˵ġ桱»ÿһ仰ƺܴзֲµĶЦЦ 
˹пˡ롤УбҪ˽㡣 
¹˲ûдõʲôõǻ˺ܴʱѶʾԺˣûһֵûɣǲǵõ֪ͨѡɳˡͣݲڽڲ뿪ˡΪ֤ߵЩˣھ˼֮󱻷˳ΪˡܿİѾԺͱ˱磬̫͵޹˵ȻἤڵķŭǼӽ˶Եֿ֯飬ͬʱ׼սʿһԼܸλûץס 
ұֵشڼȤؾ̬չ 
¹÷裬ûͷӬƵֵҴܣѲߵʿ˲٣б¾졣ٷĴ϶ſȣ۲ǵһһܸ˵طǵûǰ١ 
Ķأ𣿡ſڴһͶ 
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а˵һˣصһˡ 
ŶҸոտһЩڱҲԸⳢ΢ЦչʾĽ 
̫ˣ衣գȲץһƬŽ֪ÿҳĶԵظлϵҳΪĺӡ 
ҲһжװġĦҵ¥̧̧°ͣȥɣǺҪء 
Ҵӹȵĵͷ׵ɳϵңʵ׺ȴڹȥںͷȡ 
Ϻãվñӳ˸񣬡ϢˣϴηԸѾˡ 
лл㣬աҸ˵س˸ƣɣǵ鷿ȥ̸һҪƼĸ׵ڱ 
ɿ¥ݵطЦŵͷ 
ŹԺᲦ˷˨Ȼӷϣˣգڿ˵ˡ 
ҪĶĿڴͳŵúСֽ˵ܲ鵽ֻô࣬ϣܶ 
̫лˡæӹһתҵл⣬ҪɴڲµǷǳѵģǸ鷳ˡ 
ձ֤һѻͬʱѯǰ飺֪⼸¹˻᲻鷳ʲôͷǳΣգ 
ߴҲõģǵΪֹûóκ֤ݣҹûʲô·֡ 
ǵ¹ģһǳӣ 
Ҳֹͣ˽ĶжݷһʱȽϺáϧûܰƤԺҪһأɵ˵գ˶ȻһЩýšϵʣ¹˶ûţ˵ûѻĿŵԺϣǼƻõġ 
ЦЦôˣ˹ﻹҪҴŶء 
ƥڵȻ̵ڱ͸ֺǺǵؽˡվ׼ȥʱ򣬶С鷿ţˣ˹пˡ롤Уá 
ģ 
ҽ˼ӣܿǼֽؽʾղҪţԱǵĽӴţûʲô˵ġ 
ͷһľţһ߳ȥ 
С㣬ͷȥ𣿡ҾĵطԸȻ󳯿߹ȥ 
Ǹ𷢵Ļ쵰˫վڴĸصĳջʿеһԡ 
Уʲô𣿡ҺкҲǵԼ 
ϺãˡתЦŻӦңûܽӵ룬Һ 
ʱСŷմһͷĲųȥˡ 
ĿˡעŷյıӰҾЩ졣 
Ȼˣ߶Ҷ̩ԺŷҺƽȵػش𵽣⼸ԱǵĽӴ䶯 
𡭡УƮƮ˵һ䣬ջԼĿ⡣ 
£Ȼżɽѯ⡣ 
Ŷ⸽һЩ飬ص 
ҸΪ˸𣿡 
һΪҪأУҾǲֿ໥ݷõĹϵ 
ϵӦöư촽Ц 
ģֲܸߡ˲Ե޹ʵܵŸ٣ôضҺ׳ҵֵؿڶɳϡ 
Ķأ¥ͻȻĸ׵Ϊʲô㿧أ 
ǲԼͬͷЩĵվһ򾲵ĸ¥ 
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հˡǸ쵰̻һʱף񣬡ҵ˵Ҽ˵һλŮʿ 
лл 
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Ұüͷ˵ʵһҲϣĸ׺ʲôӴ˭ֻ֪ļƲأ 
裬ôˣطɳλУֻѯһЩ飬õġ 
΢Цҵ֣ŲУϣĶû鷳ֻһطĹ񡣡 
ǵģ𷢵¶Цݣǡ 
ĸײû֪ȥ֮ЩĦѾˡһ׼Ǻ޵ˣ𣿡 
У۾¶ɫ漴ȵ̯˫֣ȻԸͲ˳Ϊѡ 
ǲܵģ֣ 
ǳлĸȴŵЦˣȻҾͷˣĶҪٳʲôһѹġҲҵĶǸǳˣûݺв¡һ֪һĸ׻᲻κδԼĺӡУʧɣ 
ķԸˡ 
ллĸվǼİɣһЩģϣϲ 
ңˡ 
ǿ˲ԼͬվĿȥׯıӰʧͷʱ򣬲Уζؿңһ˲ĸװˡ 
ǵġԺЦЦԴΪ١ 
УɫЩѿûзֻǺһЩ޹ؽҪĻ⡣ҺȻȫûϵıɱֻǶԷһЩ׺ϰȤǶĸ׵ڱ޲ڡɵռֱƽʱݷʺͨûʲô𡣡 
˵΢һЩľһֱĬŵıʿʼձһı飬ʲôҲ˵УߵġһֱĴڹڹŹ֣ﲻԾֺ˵ 
ڲУ֮ηʡ 
ллĿˡſòĸ׸𣬡ϣһĿڸ 
ܳΪĶصѣôʱӭ 
УĿתңÿˣˡ֣ˣټ 
ЩԸһס֣ 
һӲӲıƬҵָС 
ټˣϣǺܿټ档𷢾ٴñӣЦתȥλƺɫͷĸ١ 
ĸԶüͷ˴ͷβЦҹ˵ЩʱĶأǸǵĶ֡ 
ף衣 
һ߸ĸһܽһ߰ͻ˷䡣 
ҵΪһģȲض鷿ͳǰĴڴеĶ 
УǰһűֽƬֻмֳչƯķд壺 
̩£ҪС˹Ergo taceģô˵Ҫȥ 
ʲô˼ 
ʮ 
̩˹ 
˵ʲôϰϣ񻰣 
Ұֽ̯ϣǼƯֺּţĿ͸һĪȴҲ֪ʲôͻȻãޱ߼ʵģﴫݵֽЩȫϳΪʲôΣ𣿡 
̩¡ѵһְʾ 
ôŶ϶Ľģǰжϸڣûκοҵ֤ݣôթҰɣ뺣˹ɱ̩ĹģŶǸ˽Ӱվڴ֮ĸȡľ˾ڿУȡɵļһһȣ 
ͻȻһ£ 
˰̩ˣ 
ˡ 
Īɵ¡˹ˣ 
һұѵУң˹ĵ±ֽˣ 
ȷܡǣǸΪʲôҪҰʾأôܽ鱨͸¶ˣߡ̽ң 
ȭͷһûɸʲôôΨһĿҪϵ˹Ȼ˻Ƕץֻֿܡ 
ҼԿ϶ˡķѾ¶ˣλ±ֽĸںΣգСģȴʱ¶棬ֻ᷽ǵĵһ򾡣ұ뾡ܵرˡ 
ҧҧ˺ϵȻ绰ҵ顣 
ңƤƽԸһ˺ҪһЩӸɵá˹ȥӦΪҳɳˡĵڶ棬ѾУ˺ˡǵģڡ 
Ҵ﷭һףһҳǦʵعһֻ죬ĲӰ΢΢ſ죭ϣľܼʱش˹ 
Ƥܿˣûκʵذ״Ƥ 
ߴ˹õ˸Ӿ͸˵һһڼĵ绰 
õģˡʵɿ˼߳šҿıӰǰ˸ʮ֡ 
ʱúƵ̫ͷһգȥҰסĵ׵Ľĸùֻͣص鷿 
绰һֱû죬ϢҲûдĸоһѹܣ˹ǱѾˣôһûУѵƤ·ʲôˡ 
ʱһ̶ƼžĿҷɿץͲһԴǻ̴洫˳ˣˡ 
ȫѪҺһ˲ˣ 
ڰ˵ҲŸ˵绰ʧظңɵ¡˹ͻȻ̫ץˣĹԢ⵽ȫĲ⣬˵ӡӡƷǷαʹкۣɿ߻һϵаɱͿֲж 
ҵһ˹ͱפʿץǴֱذһ칫ңѯ⣬ҰƤͿڴ˵׳졣Żˣ 
ЩΪǵµֿ֯ĳԱǲͣңСʱϵ۰ˣ溦¡ 
ǿҵָ𣿡 
ˣǸԼģǲУһֱǸطһ߿һ߻Ц 
˵ʲô𣿡 
ûУˣֻƷܳɫϲȻͰеĶңߡ 
ģ 
ǵģˡ˵Ūˣ޹ģҵȻͳˡ 
ϵ۱㣬ƤҰο㱾ֻȥ͸ѣǲܰôϿȥɣϴ裬úϢ̸ 
õģˡ 
 
ҵְͲ΢΢ 
Ȼ 
ɵ¡˹ѾˣҲֹһˡĹԱж˽أ¹ô֪¿أǲȫƻˣжͬ´ΣУ 
У̽ңһ͵Ⱥȥ˵Ѿ˿ηˡǸյļһ 
Ͷֿ˶֮ʣɴ˾Ȼ֮һΪ˹ģһҲɶֹظеһ˿־壻ΪԼΣУӺΪԼԵʰѸ˴ΣգҵˡѺͬ¡ 
͵ĵƹ￴һǵɯɯ΢Цţ·͸ʱڰҡĴָĦΪԼһ̵ųеҲ˿͵ӡһûΪôô׵رɴץס֮ǰҪòУΪΪۣ 
塭 
ûԤĵ绰лҵߣתͷͲһϤȴҵĶ䣺Ϻð 
Ϊǵʤʾ𣿡 
ϺãУʲô£ 
ŶֻġĵĿ˵һлĿҲҿһЩӣ˵ʵҺϲ 
ллҿ̰ػ񣬡ҵѾĻתˡ 
˵ǸùˣǱڹأҲû뵽Ȼô˷Ӧ˾ȡ 
˵ʲô 
ҵķĻдѵûףŶһЩģ⡣֪ܺ׵ز³˵ʲôԲԣϸģһ˵ġ 
ҸԼĺһЩָ壬ⲻְɣ 
ֵָͿѻֻ컭òЦˣ֪ҶرȤء 
ҾĻŵĺֱߵһܡ 
ʱ򻭵СҲУϲҵҰ 
ÿˡؽҵġά㣬Ӧҵ˼ˣҪεġաҪúñԼǧŶ 
ա 
ڵ绰ĬƬ̣ΪͻȻݵ±ֽ߶Ҷ̩Ժİɱжᱻ̫׷ŹҿɲʧȥȤĶ֡ 
Ͳﴫǡһ죬ԷҶ˵绰 
ҽӲϣĳֵظоһ˲ӹҵ񾭣񴥵һѵ绰˳ȥŸеһս 
ǸڶƺһָʴãĪĻػĿŵݺҾΣգҵĶ̫ƻˣȴƺ׽͸ʼնԼĶֲ˽⣬Ȼػᴦơ 
ѹڵϵĵ绰ҵ̨ƣܵķ϶ҵ֮ǰϷִļֽСĵذչƽϡ 
һЩĲϣһɴڲһЩǴӲͬռ 
Ҫ鲨Уı̫ѣ 
ݵеļ¼1916ڵ¹֣ԭкŵ£ʮŸΪ˹пˡ롤½ıĺ˹롤ĸסʮξż˵ӣ֮ıһ˳λȷʵΪΨһĶ̺ƽƵ;ھеı̸رɫоЩƽӹҪʱһ㹦Ȼ˳µ 
ҽӴȫһǰǸļƵˣˣֶΣԲֹһ¶ĺûĵ¹ȣĵ׶Щǵն֮Աǻ͵Ϊԭ򡣡 
Ϊʲôʮ֮ǰûøյһֵ¡ 
ڶֳĲϣעÿһϢԺδ󲿷ֶǵ¹ֽϵĶоơҥԡı˵Уĸײǽӣ鸾ǵ¹ҸԺһСŮ֮ĸײĴڣһֱĸաԭϲĴھ֢󣬻޿κεĽĹкϷ̳Ȩص˲壬Ȼִطӵĸ׵ĴڣԿ⸸Ĺϵá 
ʱܹУΪʲôԹ屧һֵӺ̬ȣΪײεΪܷУҡϲҳ󡢳ԿͷҲΪƻ֣úܿġ 
Ҳ֪ôˣΪһ˽ȷʵǼʹ£ǰʮ̧ͷΧĿⲻǶһӻһ˵ܵġԶԴ˷ʱȻеǻۺ;ԼȥĲҡ 
Ҳ޷ԭĲգ԰âںɯ¸ˡҺҵĳûйϵԼȨȺ޹˾һ 
ͳЩȫȼӽ¯ 
Ūҵԭ򣭣һԭ򣭣ôҲӦøϸ˳Ըһֻô 
ҪұεġɣȻٽһظ¾ɵ塣 
϶ôġ 
ڶһ磬ǱС㼱ٵѵġ 
𣿡 
ǵģǵġԺץͷĻϾڻߵأ 
Τո绰ˣǷпգл˵һϹ 
һһҲʲô 
Ҹ߶С֪ˣȻ˴ 
Ŀܺã峿еζϵıͯڶ۵¹ٷƵǼݿձҲɺ᲻ıֽϵõ˹ʵϢһĳЩ֪ҹǵģĵľǷ⵽ǣ 
ұϻǺʹ˹һЩͬϵʽϵĵǱزٵģУʱңΨһĶ 
ϸĵԼǱĸͣȻ鷿ȴҵǡɺһǰһؽš 
ǵõϢҪ򵥵ö࣬罻ȦСΧĴԣֻ˵ʱλֳԼļ⵽˴Ǻ͵µֿ֯йءǲ֪ϸҲֻúʾԼҲ 
ɵ۾͸ҵ˵ӣᵹһ 
ûǣãĶءԼĺüͷ˹ͺΣˣ¹˲׷Źģûܰˣ 
ĵȻǿ϶˵ģ¹ôڵĺûᡣ 
߶Ҷ̩ԺôˣĶأû鷳ɣɲ⣬һӵ֪ͨ˵¸ڻָǵݳ 
ҲǵĽŪǸɱ¼ûϵҹɵصˣǿԺ;Ժһ£պͬ 
áɵͷҺὫ̸Ķأ¹ѲúܽЩıС顭ǲҪ̫ȽϺá 
һرָĿ⣬ڴӦˡҵѶ˶촽ƺ˵ʲôûæѻˡ 
ҲΪҲ̫ģΣսʱҲұ֤Լ㹻ǡ֪У׶ԸͨķˣǵҵĹߣҪֿԡ 
ҹݺݳԵ͵һЩҲʱ̽ͬ±ľʵҲ֪ʱòâҪҵĵṩѱƵķչҸܿƵġ 
ƽعȥˣһϴӦĸȥãȻ鷿飬׼úɳɳڰ񾭣Լ˯ǰһ¡ 
鱾ɳɳ̨ԵʮֿɰǶС㼱ٵ˽һǳѵõİ 
ԡԲ𣬲Щҵ˫֣ˣſ㡭 
ңƽ̯ߵĻѾʮˡ 
ǵģɡܸɵŮܼͻȻ֧֧ſڣȥ 
ĵðɻžغ飬˳ȥ 
һڵĽγͣſڣźɫµĸߴ˿ڳϵ̣һһĻӳõĽ𷢣ҵһ 
ϺãװĲˡԶԶس̧̧֡ 
ҲûǰֻǵĶСʵĸ֪𣿡 
Ѿ˯ˣûͨ 
ܺá԰ģҪš㡭ȽȥϢɡ 
ǣˡ 
ʲôҪһ㣬İɡ͵ĿȰ˷ӣȻ򶨵λ֮͡ 
ʲôʱˣУűֳҵĲãݼ٣ҿɻù 
֪ʱⶫ͸һݼšƤЦһƣΪ˲ˣŶ 
Ҳҵһˣʲô·ʱң 
ŶҶ硣 
ڣЦˣʲô 
ʮ 
ڵ˵۾ʹµ¡£УĽҫۡ 
΢ЦţûҲѺõʻеãҿûʲô⣬ˣŰϿֻҰˡ 
غһףһԲ˳ҿûָܿͷϵľܾ򵥵شߣĵȤõҲǲУȴһѵõҹ 
ľٶҵƺܸˣͷϨɵʻ͵ĵƹ㽥Сڲˡ 
ϵٵÿżЩŮɪеϣʺŲˣǵĸ߸Ьʯó졣Ա߲ʱԿǹѲߵĵ¹ʿƤѥԶԶôȥ˵սľ谵·ҹкܲҵһŵ쵽Զҿų÷ 
ĺѾʼˣУƫƫͷֵ˼Ҳ֪ԸⳢζˣɰвҪҡ 
ԼҪǿ׳ˣУûذѲҡȥ 
ЦŶⰡ 
ΪӦʲôܡĻأ 
ҹڴй仹ҲΪбҪɫӦ֪ҵ뷨 
ǣУûǰݵطһۣǣȫע˷ϡеطպرȴ˵ﲻԾ˿ɹļĬУʥĴãظߵأͣɺӱߡ 
ӵ粣ԿīɫĺˮǰԶֻСҡţΦϹŵĵè۾ 
ҳͳ̵ȼһǺ˵Ʋպòѿһ䣬͵¹һѳŪģ塣 
ﲻеˡ 
˵ʵԭҹĵطڵ¹˵Ӱ±ȻЩűջĿȹʾǲ״ 
ҰӿĿϣųŵζǴĿɣУʲô¾ֱ˵ˡ 
ɫ۾һ£ԼЩҲϤĹʣбҪÿμ涼Ū𣿡 
ôñԹϵ۸һ͸ĿʼҼǳӵķչȥˡ 
ŶҺźĿдЩգû뵽ôصġᡣ 
ҲΪκΡᡯĳɷ棬֮䱾ûʲôƽԡ 
Ҳܵģ 
Բ𡣡Цǵ硯ҸԸ̹һЩʲôֱ˵ɡ 
УƺЩ޿κΣժñӣͷĻƽ𣺡ʵ1027ա 
ȫȷҿʲôر𣭣 
ҵգ 
տ֣ 
벻ҪɡЦúǿֻϣϳԼеڶ˶˵仰 
ҵͷһӲˣ֪λش𡣡 
ҸһףӦòְɡӺץһƿģִλµһϻȡֻ߽űҶԷĶϤΨһ˽ľǣǱҾһֱиصķҶȹ 
Ӧðһθ޵Լ᣿ 
˭ЦĪǻ˭뵽Ϊףգ 
ҿŵشģѾƵȻЩ޴롣 
ȫϵûƣŪҺԲߡ֪ͼƻͼǵӣǰֵñ񾭣СӦԣǺߡΪʲô˿ҾҪ޵ĺӡ 
ʲô鰡ˡѾƵݸңôȱң֪ҲϡȸһΪһĶʮꡣ 
һеذ㴼ͽѰһʵĿڷʽΣԸΪҸղŵǸУһ⣺ΪʲôҪҵҵ˼ǣҪЩգӦûбѡ 
ҸûأЦؿҡ 
һ߼٣ 
˰ɣǴʲô֪ʵڣ˶ԸҸû 
һʱ̹Ҵֲ֪ôش𡣡 
ҵľƺԱ˺ܿģΪϾƣαġѡɺϵĶִһ𡣡 
һֱԷġ 
ǵģĳ˵ƯָҡžƱҺܿ췢Ҳвϲĵط˵̣ĳ嶯ļ̣С顣 
ǾƾҾһЩǵĳɷ֡ 
ԭҼʱ򣬻ΪԼںͿаӵû򽻵º֤ܿҴˣ־ԶԶҵĹƣܺҷǳˡ룬ҲǿԳΪѡ 
УüͷЦһһ޶˳Ϊѣ 
һ˲ľɥܿתӣѾƱڷԱߡ 
סвûʲô仯ԼûһԣŬ 
ץɵá˹ҵġʾҲ˺Ϊǰ𣿡 
ֻǲν֡ɴһҲûоԼ֣ø̫㹻ͷܱסңҺڸʲô⡯˵ǸõĶϡ 
Ҳ˵лл 
Цһ£ûָ 
ҶžƱ侲ؿ沿ÿһ˿ڻҰɫУܸоϵУǰֳһòòҽӴϻϵȺţһȱ鰮ˣĴԱɹյ˺˺Լ 
ҼҪˡ 
һּžڳӣʱУ΢΢س鴤 
˵˱ôң 
һǿͻȻıӵ棬Ųұεضλϡ 
һŶ͵شյǰʶϰ˹˫ֿҵļϡĺôأƺѹűŭʹ¹⣬Ҳط۾ЩĶ 
ʱһһҾǲ۲۵İ׳գ 
㡭𣿡 
䣬ϵһӼ֤ʵҵĲ²⡣ 
ҷһƽˣǰϷŪңʲôֱֱؿҲˣҪΪһһֱĶЦ 
ϴҵʹҵĹͷƺˡ߳ŭ𣿲ҿɲΪһôǿҵ߳ĵˣ 
УǴＷҸ˵ǳٶأװ֪á 
̻̹׵ֱΣգҡװɵֻôΰˣ˵ûʲôô 
ɫȼյĺɫ·ҵԾţ·ڽڽϨҼϵҲһһس롣 
Уֱӣңȷ࣬ˡѰҵõķʽĥֵ־Լ֪Ǹִˡ 
ܷ񣬶Ҳ͡ 
ҲںüëҴں 
ӢϤưѹû־׵Ϊж಻ˣֻƴ塭Ӧǽ顣 
ϧѡ˶ҼȻսôұȻóѣ־һµĽ 
ˣˡ˺ܿеߣذӳôллҡҲˣҵðͻȥ 
ĲƬ뿪˺ӱߣһ·û˵ֱƤһԶԶǰŵһյơ 
ˣͣ°ɡҵ˵ĸס 
УϵϨ˻ƿţȴӺץסҵֱۡ 
о仰ҵø㣬Ķأ಻ţСˡҡ 
Ź΢ıڵơ 
ƶŽӲɳǰѵ˯˵ĶС㡣Ҿʹû֮󣬷Ըܰѽ¸κˣĸסȻɻ󣬵˱֤ 
ϸȰ˷䣬Ҳŷ 
޷ĮӷֱʱУ˵Ǿ仰ʲôģģظоҲԸȥ̡̫ΪһµͷͷԼ¡֪ұ볢ԣͻʧȥһõĻᡣҲΪУһǰ¶Լ㣬ȻĿģҲӦúúõһԼô졭 
ʱһһعȥϵĴӵδ죬ʱüҡµʱ򣬴ŵ˪Ѿ˲ϡ 
վұԼãĸ׿һҹû˯鷳ʹˡԴԼߵ¥ʱѾװƽʱģڿţ̡ 
Ϻã衣 
Ϻãװġů촽ҵĶͷûֽʲôأ 
һС⡣ǵزȥҪǹеƶ򣿡 
ʲô߼ҵѧң 
ûСֻ֪ɲһ˱á 
΢Цҵ֣ңӣҪ򵥵˵һǡˡߡˡҪ׼ʹɱ˷Ҳ۰ԼĺӣھӣʹĴƼҲΪҵϵĿñƲҪңͲü򵥵۶ȥжˡ 
ǵ۾Ҿĵ׸ʣǸ׻᲻游Ժԭ𣿡 
ɡϸҸɫ 
áԵظлϵۡ 
ĸ׵ĻǶԵġˣеҲһ 
ΪУĶ߶Ҷ̩ԺĴɱ޻˴˹ϡҲ֪ʲôø̫Ĺ˹ȷʵС߻ʵʩ԰Ա߼ıɱһ 
ǵģǲ̵ؿλ̵ͷ 
Һȫˣڴ˹ӻ²ųɹġȻǲУһУΪһ˳ˮ飬ܳһʱҽ޷ھεĸо 
ɲΪѹº绰ңʵϵƾˡѾûлϣˣһˣԳе˸á뷨ʱûзԣ 
УһƵĿ˵ҷ·ܿϲΪȻ顣ԣֻҪĵ鶼Ե 
1941ʱһʱİɫֲһЩҺǵľڵ¹˵ļල»ָ 
족жҲڿʼա 
һֱĴ˹ҵİȻջжĳԱǡΪĪؽһɴİǼε顣֪ûõģΨһôԽԽڡһжҪ򵥣ΪҵͬңҸЩµ뷨ʱǻǰһ˼ƻۡ 
תȾòף˵תһ 
ĵ˵Ϊǿ԰תǵİ֡ 
̫ðˣҡҡͷľ˦ĲˣɹȲ˵бѵ˼ǷᴦΣյС 
ȻÿǵЩǵĵģһ룬ڵ¹ڲһֻ۾ǽô㡣ںǽӦӢԱ͵հеУİæͨ;ؿʱᰲȫöࡣԴ󽵵¶жʱΣԡ 
ʵЩͬôһɴĵأ 
ĿȷӲһǵԪû𾴣սһϷΪʲôն˵ռ䡯Ҹҿ϶ô˵ҺѸ˵аա 
̫ðˡ 
ɡ֪ǵĵеģһᣬԡӢ֮ǰ˵ǾͶһʤ㡣 
ͬ»֣صصͷ 
ʮģ 
Щ񣬵ȴûа취ͣ 
ҰԼͶһĲǰĶڵϵ赸ԽԽѤˣû취ĵı׳٣ջ֪δȴ֡ 
ΪڵĲУҵ۾һִͻڶɫʰŪЩ֡Ǹ̵ĹҵǰתʱҾȵطǱߵȻǧٿסұ㲻ܰ򵥵ػٵοһЩ̽顣 
ԺƽһԼ޵˷롣 
ԸڰҵظߵȥȱȣУڵ绰и˵ҹܰ⵱һαҪġ𣿡 
ͷЦˣд뷽ʽ治ˡûȥ 
ô㣬һڡӡǶ㡣 
һ׼ʱ 
ĿѾ˵ĺϲ飬ʹڰһžµĿȹҲġǴ󲿷ִڣٽֵ¶Ͽλӣһȥûˡ 
ҶڡӡƷűǰɬ˺ܶĿȣʶϰЩھεض˵Ǻţ̶ǳȱˣҲס 
ҿݵһǸЦЦûʲôҾúܿɿڡսĶһеģҲ͵ػȥһǰһû뵽ȦĶ٩˵ķǳ͹ԿҷԼͬʵԶҪǿͿɰ 
Ծܾϰ塰ھ룬ΪҺǸһ¹ֵĻȺ˵Чұ϶ᱻӺʹ޵Ŀճɡ 
ԵԶԶصıʱԼԼЩˡ 
պ㣬һֲҴ򿪻¹˹Ȼʱ 
ŶǸϰߡУҶһǵĺڿȡ 
ĵûñӣͷɵشڶǣҲֻǼ򵥵˰ɫװͰɫĳ㣬˳¶Ļɫûһ۵ĵط֪ʹЩŮʿĿע˾壬עĿ 
УҵʲôҲûƵôȻ·ǰҹͻȻҵĻþ 
ܽӵ뻹Ұ̸ܸʲô𣿡Ƿǳֱӡ 
΢΢ӣǵǰ˵Ļ𣿡 
ƾǸö˵˲ٻ 
˵ɯ˲㡭 
شӿڴͳ̣ȼ 
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ϺйĽֻһοûб׹ 
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ΪĻͻȻ㱣֤ȳɯڿ˭ҶһУرעķ֣˺ģ㻹˭ 
УɫЩѿ·ҪŭȴӲָ̾ŤΡ 
аˡڵϣô˵׻ǲҡ 
㣬ǻп𣿡 
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ͳֽѹڱӵ£Ը𣿡 
·Ͱŵ·ִӼ·Է˹·ߵǹ㳡ҺͲУƽƵ̸ţΪĳЩǶܰѶԷһʵĹͨ󣬵ҲǰԲ˲١ 
´ԺøԶԸҪ֪Ĵ𰸲ûϣ³һħʦɵԵĹֵһʣؽñҺʱһֽУÿ붯 
ΨһľһССĽĹ԰ſڣ硰кǲԼͬתǵЦֵɣ˸е졣 
˻ϷУ΢Ц˵ҲǸáأûľɣˣݿɲڴϺҰС˻졣 
Ŷֻˣĵص㲻һˡóĿﻹеĳͯʱҲйܶ飬һһƧСҵĸĸһ˺ʱľӰһԸ񡣡 
Уû˵ֻüȻóҵ֮ 
ǻϾʱһ۵ĺӰһаߵС˳ײϡҸеԼĿڴһ£ǸӰͿܹ· 
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ǽֱ¶΢ЦҶϵĺˮʪͷȴ˲ϲֻǰӾתǱԵͳǹ 
ϤĺԼŲԽԽӢ׳ǰʱҷ벻ذǹָͷϡ 
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Ҳ׷أ 
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ƫƫͷʵ˷񶨵Ļش𡣡 
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ҲˣƤӡȻǸѲļһӦöΪԼİȫĲŶԡ 
ҲҪǹҰɣղѾ㹻ʱˡ 
ܴ̹ʵسһ㣬ǿɲȳһαġͥɱˡǲɱǵѡ񡣡 
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ĿںھӵĻ԰ĵġߺʹ¶˺ܻɵı飬·ҵ鵣ġ 
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˵˿òУ΢΢һЦûΪԾǵùˣ 
ʵεжЩɵ𣬲ˡƾʲôΪһǵģҼֲǺֻɱңͻᱩ¶ǵĵ磬ôⶼǼðյģ 
㵱ȻӦǡгسӣΪһԸⱻصӪȥ 
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Уտ۾һԻ󣬵̾ 
Ķ⿪·ļǰ쵽СƤЩ˺ۣƺǸĦļҲ˵ĻģΪ˽ȷʵһͯꡣ 
УĺͻȻˣȻҿܾõ£ǣˣ²ݲݿʼɡҽ黻طʱô 
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˿ؿԼĽУҧһֿµңʹĶء 
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۾治 
һͬеҪԼ˾ڸǱˡɢȥϵռӣǾͺ鷳ˣҲ˵ȥŶˣУ˵˹ٶɸעפ¾˾׵ĹϵǺܺãΪ᲻ϰأ 
УͷƯĽ𷢴ʹüȻĬţϵıȴڼ仯 
ԼһӺ̧ͷðҲûҪԼȥ 
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ʵ֪һֱΪⲽߵ̫գֶҲ̫ڵˣһǰԼҲġ 
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ңˣôĵӣһֱΪǸ߹ˡԿ˿ڣȵıϢҵĶ 
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̹ȻسϹҶһϵģҵϡ̫ˡ 
ĳЩΪҲʲô 
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лл֪ɯҪЮҾԲܸᣬҶ֪ġ 
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ͷһϣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô֮һӻ߳䡣 
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Ǽʹ壬ҪѱȮȻǸΣյĹ 
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У˵һûȷʵܱɣ 
֪ǵУϵ˵ǵӪδ̫ˣԲ壬Ҳһ̶öԷǳС 
ҿǴɴײͼҲ˵Լ̫ͬŵġۻۡһɴΪսʱķǾԱҪģףΪ˵ĶӶԼ˸ϣѾΥԼԭΪ˴ﵽĿģҰֱĶʱˣ 
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ҾͷͻȻ 
ˣȻߵһҾ͵ÿӵ֮ǰʹùǹ֦ƽУŭ 
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ʱֻڵȴ²ŻرǵĳЩյĽǸоͬڻϿܵòˡ 
ھͺܲҵشСȻˣҲҵģ 
УͷһαҡҲΪԼεذϵץȡԸǲԹԵһľżģοõ󲢲Լݡ 
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ġ𣿡 
ָھطټϣȴûжֻУʱӢзǳټŭҵĴΪԼ۾Щ΢ʹࡣı龹ȻԽԽھΡ 
ǵģھΣиĲ 
ҿʼǿԼһһصࡶ롷ײŷյٷߡɳҵĶ䣬ҵȴڰУȻ֮ĹϵΪʲôݱڵӡ 
˵ľ籾ǲǹˡ 
ˣ԰Ѿ޼ˡ 
ſڴĺָͣĶǸѼñ˽մ״ڻͭɫϻϸϸĺ顣 
ˣ¶𣿡 
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ҰѾƵݸţȻбڴǰŽ˶˵Ǹ¾쿴㲻õġ 
չŨڵüëﻹǰȫģˡ 
ʱҵѣǧΪԶôȫҳЦЦɣǵġʲôӦ 
һƽˡͦõģʲôҲûСÿסĵطɶ㳡Եİ칫ҹӦЩٺͽܳʱ鸾 
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֪УðոǴģʱʧܵĺһ˳ǣǼһһ˴šСЦôǲġ𣿡 
¶ߵߣҪת渥ߣӽ쿪ʼټһ˶ߵˣرǽӴеġ 
õģˡҵͬ־վ˳ȥ 
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߸ߵ͵͵ڷţͬҴʱ˿̵˼ 
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ȫƽûʲôƺԵʲôҲûǣ 
¶ҶǰʵʱȥӵжԶ 
ԶףʱǶڸεĵطԶ۲졣 
ôע⵽ߵ𣿡 
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ϣʿǲҲһֱ 
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ڵһܿرɫ 
УȻˣֶΣԼû棬ȴʹĹߣԼ޴ΪʲôֻĿϣӦ֪ôױܵˣĸʲôǸҲǸ򵥵Ľɫ۾۾Ҳ 
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ҵľҵˣʲôϷͻȻǵҪ𣿡 
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˵ЦɣУҿżĿ 
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ɫѾͶȥˣʹضһѰɣ 
ʲôʱ䣿 
ߵ㣬ʥٴֵİ԰ꡣԤλ 
һ׼ʱġ 
ͲԺҾ˼һȻǹ·Ż˰񣭣һѷСûСôܲø̫Ǵҵʱ򡰸պáҿڴѵ֤ݰɣ 
ҷԸ׼óȻϴ£εؿۺá 
ϣܰҵֵҹĺ 
԰һ仪ȴģ¥װκеʽ͢ζ״ĻڱڵƵƹԵúܶأڰϵĸҲܾһ֧˵ֶխС̨滺СҹÿԲε̨ò͵ϣ˾࣭ôǵá 
Уλǿߵһ˫ҵʱѾһѩƣطŲ˵ˡ 
ˡڵ³¶˼΢ЦҪԵʲô 
ƽص˼嵭زˡ 
θڲ𣿡֧ͷ٩ֲôݡ 
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˵۾һ׽Ūɫᰴ˰ӣŶɲáˣϵ˿ڿ۵˯ž 
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Ҳ֪ԭҵĸٶôġ˵ʵˣܹ֡ǲڻң 
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հ׵ļʮ룬һתŴҹɫµĻ԰µȴȴͬһ˲䣬ĳӰɿش軨Դ˹ȥ 
ҵѪҺһӱñ䣻Ϊڵ¹£ؿ˾ƺɫͷ 
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ҵĺЩ΢ĺظĦθ߰һ˷ŵǰ˸롱ơ 
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ҰѳԿײȥһ˲䣬žһ粣͵شһף֩Ѻģҵ۾ŵǹ죬ͬʱһǿѹλϣԱֻĴֻסҵͷ鲣СʯӶһϣ 
ߺ·˱УҵĽŲ̤̤شԱܹ˴ž죬Ъ˹ؼУ 
ǰɱҵһͷˣ 
ԹԵشڳϱ𶯣УҶȻ͵ƿȥ 
ûκεǹˣƺǹڷԼʧܺ뿪ֳУٺڼѰǸ֡ԶҵĽŲƽˣĵѲ߶𣿡 
ֱӣԼмϸСĻ֮ûʲô󰭣ڲ˲ƬѾȫʧˣɫƤαҲ 
УĵطʹҴҸѲʿ̸šЩʿһĳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǹϽĵضܵ˺ɲǼС¡УѴһʿĴɢȻ˹ 
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Һ˵ᡱǿüͷƷʱˣϾǹһ˲䱣ң˵忼ûɾܾ 
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УûָõҿͷϵĴӦֻǾֱذ׵Ƥȡѩ׵ĵڵƹ·Ĺ⣬̧ͷݹˡ 
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ȫһɢ˾ذסһڵϡ 
УɫҰף촽ϣҧѪۡƯĽ𷢱亹ʪˣڶͷԡɳĵȫѪеĵ˵̺ϣҵ˫ҲһƬͬոմӰ뿪򡣡 
ſǶԱ˫ɫ۾ü͵ЦЦɵòˡ 
ҺܾȲУȻܱѣ־ȻĻҪǿ͡ҿɢҵͷͷ۾ǿѿǣҽþ˯һ 
ضңһֺܹŹֵɫЩĪʱָŪһ̨Դ 
Уû˵СĵŲһԼȻѱ۾תڲࡣ 
ߵϴȥϵѪŪӽͰˮʹϣ÷ȵƤȴһЩԱȶ̴ٵĺƺŬԼ˯֪ûܣֻھʹ 
һصɳ̨ƵĹߵ֧̣شУĹԢҪһЩûлƻǽֽǶŹļҾߣҲûʲôرĿİװΣ·عαϣһġĵڲ輸£ߺûùĺۼʲôСƷֻһͨķ䣬˵Щʧ⣻Ҫǣûʻûһ㱻˫ּ䣬廨ƿʻֻסĵطȴļҡ 
У㵽ûйأ 
ҿҵĵˣʧѪƤԵò԰һЩǼȻ˰ڵƹγ˰͹ƽӰʱӦȫûзʱԱɱһֻҪһѷڳˮҾܸɵɱ޶˻̴ʧ 
ĿҸеЩ䣬ףԥƬ̣תﱧһë̺ظϡ 
Уһ£û۾ 
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Ȼ󾿾ǹ˶ò˯ŵģҲȫ֪ 
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ҵͷԼϾȻë̺ԭϵġ 
ϺãУҰë̺ƵһߣչΪ̫öЩֽš 
мĲ輸ϣŰ˾ƥֵҩƿһǹŻգλԱѾкһˡ 
˯ú𣬲ˣɳƣ˺ľ뵡 
⻰Ӧɣվôûǵȥҽ𣿡 
ЦЦõְϨͭƵ̻Ҹ 
ѾûǸҪˡµҡҡͷһʹġ 
Ҵ۾ǰǹŪúһŶԸһΪΪԼ˵أ 
ɫ 
ôˣѵûΪ˱ܾɱ𣿡 
Уûشҵ⣬ǹֱض׼ңأˡ 
ɱһܽܵвȣһð 
ڿǹҲü 
ȫȷ 
ˣůůյǵ롣ɫĹԹĲ棬˫۾ҿĶ 
ǹ 
սҵԣˣҳҸոѵʱ򼸺йͷ 
ҲΪŶԷġ 
𡭡ĿͻȻһ㳰Ū˵ʵɣˣǰҰʱȷʵĸɱ㣬Ҿ͡ˣôȻȦףȴҲӵˡ 
壿ҾúܺЦôҵӺͺʲôУΪܰЩ𣿡 
û˵ֻǰתһߡ 
ذȷŵ輸ϣȻҲΪǡͬô͸ΪʲôֲȥҽԺǲΪ㲻Ըִ󣿡 
Ӻ΢΢һ£ܿ϶˿ڵĳʹɡ 
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𷢵Ѿٱ侲ˣҼĴݺݴĵαװļصĺ͸¶ĵĲ 
澪ȣҹĿ࿴ˣУңðҲûϡʹ֪أʲôôȰڳЩջûմѪ뿪װʲôҲ֪ 
գǵģҿˡ֪һҼ£ңǵĹϵ΢һҪɺӢԱ񣻶ȻҲÿҵĵ顣 
֪ʲôʿɶֹҲ֪Լһء 
̹Ȼذ֮׵ĶװڴҴףʼ磺ðɣУҪϢˣʱҸղЩ˵ҪΪĳ֤ԣһġ 
Уûְһҿţñɫ۾Ŀ뿪ֵȼ̡ҼҪ̤ŵʱ˱˼ͳ 
лл 
ˡ 
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صʱһҹδĸסСͰʮֵġҽ˵ֻʱһǶЩ飬ĸײҵĵǸ 
ҲӦô绰ӡĻЩ΢ŭ費ǸȫĵطˣӦס 
ĺܱǸ衣Ѿ˳û֪飬͸鷳ˣ 
ñ֤Ժʱ֪ȥĶˣʹʲôҲüʱ֪ͨ㡣 
֤ˡЦסֱۣٷ£Ͳлڱ 
ĸսҵ֣ˣһΪȥŴ绰ɣһиߵ˽ҹ㣬ʲôҪأ 
ȥлл衣 
鷿ùͣȷҵҺҲҴҵظϵˡѯҼ򵥵ؽ⵽Ϯ£Ȼ˵ԼĻɡ 
ǹ˺ܿǺϣʿĿҲҡһڷ괰ǰͷ췢Ҳ⾿УĽԼ˽жȷʵڸûмɡ 
Ҫҵ𣿡ʵ¶ҲΪǺˣϣڲȻü 
Ȼȥɡҵͷ˻⣬㲻˵Ҫôˣ 
ʵУΪڻҶ˵ҵͬ־ǣҲ֪ΪʲôΪұͷʼΪҺУĶԹǵԼĸ˼ҲԸҺУ˵ղбȻᵭܶ࣬ȴһ߲˺ܴȤԤУ֪Ķ 
ڸûзһ˲뷨ӣѹ˵ƻʱе䶯Ӣǰ˰衣 
ҵļһսˣʲôʱõϢ 
賿3ң˵ѾϼضĽ뿪Ϊ¹ڸ˷Ҳû취ټǣֻǰ衣ڱ뾡뿪 
յû⡣Ҵͳ֤ĿǰΪֹУϣҪ޸ʱѵġ 
ǰСüͷǵʱõҲ̫ȫǸԢ̫ǻᱻɵģǵӢôء 
Ҿͷۣھݳõõֵ׼ҪĶʱ佫ǣܶˣǵô 
ãһڿսʱ򱻻ۣòˣ 
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ͬ־Ҳʾͬ⣬ôʱˡ 
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ĵطʱյ谵ĵƾѾˡһЩźᡢľȻס߹ûжͶκιע 
ұǰֽ̽ѵͨˣŸ¥ǽֽͱڵƶҸе죬ΧɢһùζطǿŶƣס˸ܡ 
304ŷţ¿졣洫ԣ¡ 
ſˣһŴȴӢ׳ǰ 
ɡ˴Һֻܿ50ƽҵСԢȻš 
ߴ׳˻վش棬ҵĿⶼһɻ;衣 
ţǡժñΪҽܵλĶء¡ŵ߲ոˡ 
Ӣ˵黺һЩ¶ѺõҲܿʶǣǸͷСǲѷʿֱϰűϻȸߵǽɵ¡ɭʿͷߣɫͷΪǿŵλжСĳΡξ 
ܸʶôŨӢǻķұʾӭʹסҵ֣ĺ۾ΪѪͳ 
ҲһξҲۼشƷʹѳЦЦ뿴ǣͬʱԭļƻš 
ǵġЦЦҲʵҪǣҪǺѵģ𣿡 
Ǹļһ 
ƫͷ룬żɽʵѣǣǡѣ 
ʮߣ 
ԽԽˣܶľҶӣ¶ª֦ɡ 
ʵҺ䣬ÿ춼ϲصׯ԰ΧŰѩĵּȻڹϵı¯ǰдһСҹȴ1224ϵ 
ҺһºʥԼôȹҴڰ裬ɴľѥͲǹ𼦺򵽣ٵÿûʥֻòһ׵С档Ȼĸҵߣһλȴ˳ӦҵŸΪŮѾԶˣңҲԴĶ 
Ϊ˷֮ǰĸôλӢˡס۵ĹԢŶû˵ܴ⣬ⲢǿһڵĽڣ˭֪ܾʱʲôʱš 
ΡξǷǳֹ۶ѵصľˣδԴ˷καԹҲûʲôľٶҺܸˣǰȥ̽ʱǻظ˵Ц 
Tenfais pasten fais pas⣩˵Ķ𣬲ˣӲǻѧŷξεĴǰСƵƲˣ̫ˣ 
Ѿܲˣξ̲ס΢ЦðһʱԱǺǿġ 
ҿһװưͺˡ 
⵹Ϊʲôһʮ˵ССݳưأ 
ѷʿͽɵ¡ɭʿЦһҲûǵĳӡ 
ĵذ⼸򵥵Ļظһ飬ȻͳڴֽݸذεİϤϤͰɭʿǵʱԱȻѷʿǵʦǻӰ³հΪǵĵɳһСݳӦʱǾܴһֻնصķ޻ӵתӢھؿʱʲôӣֻܴ³֣͵Խߵʿ 
άϣĵ𣿡 
Ǳ߽Ӧվ̫ԶǳΣգҶһ£ңлգ˳һЩ 
ξͷðɣģ 
ҶǲҪֹͣϰر̨ݳȻʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܱϵ˱֤Ұѻշϣٸһϸڡ 
һǿԭȵ»ĳܹƽƤαĵطҲҺСĵ޲ˣȫÿס̵ʱͻ᲻Ǹϵ龰 
ǹĲ·˵ľУвУİ˵ʱ쳣е¡ҲܷϵǣңΪ˸ˣʵ˵һʹûκθмҲܺҿô޷Լǰʱһ˲伸ɱͷûж֣Ҳ֪ǲΪʵ 
ȥˣֽûκιµıô֤УȻ˵ôأҲΪǰһµش¶ıҲڵһһܳ 
УʹڼŰ칫ҡϸңȥӵ˶λѺƵģɫ԰ףǺƣӡȡ˲ٵӲʻ˴İͷǰʱԵúܲѰ 
ѯǷУ߼˱ʿ¶ش˵ǵġ 
ÿϴӾٹԢȻУİ칫Լ£ʱУȥ֮һֱߡҾȫûԼʲôԾƽʲôû 
ҼԿ϶λƺɫͷĸ⣭˭ԼԵ岻ʱֵôĮȻأ 
ǹһҪءΪʲô̫ԸҶҪԼأҪĻвĳ٣һӦӦҲŶԣɹļҲҪöࡣ 
ѵΪ˱У 
ôУӦóΪͬŶԣûҪðΣΣˡºȻǹڸʲô·̬СķΧԸĺûᰡ 
ǰǰìأһ붼ԴۡҰס࣬˿һͷܹҵļ׵ 
Īǣʿж˽ʵģ 
ŷ̵ָһսˣ԰ֻܽһУ 
Уûɱңͨ£Ҳĳ֪УûԤϵµϮ˲ŻḺˡ 
ԺŬͷƺɫ˿¶ȴ۵ϲûκοȵĶ֪һμʱûиӡĸΪԴﵽ̶ֳȣͲòҲµĻɣΪʲôҪô 
ͩˣĲɵųӶʺš 
ֵľûʲôı䣬ҿ˱ֽҴҵظ·ʹû취ڻⶺصҲжúľ¯ 
¡ǹĵ¹ʿ̵̾ԱһӵˡҴǰɫϳݣ̫ˡ 
ǿͷٵÿŪϡϵƷ·ˣʲôҲû˵ֻĬĬֻȻ뿪ЩǶĵЦ󡣡 
Ϩ˻𣬿һĻǰﷺһζ 
ռͿˣǿκ£ûֹǵĿ뽾ݣ䵱˵Ľɫǵ۾ҫһԽУвһ 
ΨһĴžǲУ˰ɣ 
ҲԶһϷֻͬȻ¶Цתͷȥһ׾ӵϷԵüͷΪʲôһһǰ򵥵ؿһأѵɯĸһϢ𣿡 
ҾȻЩԼǸ˻ʲôĿܹغöôð 
صҵʱպʮңĸΪ˼ȴޱζĲ¶һͣѾڿҽСʱ 
ҰˣȻҳʳҵͬ־ð뿪ЦĿ˵һúߣÿ춼ò̷̫̫͸ա 
ҸֱӰлٴĸױﻹȽ塣 
ҵȻĻᣬ 
˵Цٷҹţó˿ڴĶ 
ҪĶںϣʿϡ 
ҽӹһűֽдܳĶ 
ϣϣڵ¹֣ûиĸ׵ļ¼ֻ˵ǣ飬ƽƽҲκοٽĹһȴ֣һֱУͬһӡڵ¹ڰ裬ʼһԴ˹пˡ롤˽ٵĽ׼Ժͷɫ˱㿪ʼĸһǡ 
ЩĶ壬ҲκʵԵ 
Ұֽ۵ŽڶȻٸǣллı棬¶뼴ʹٲһҲõϢˣԲԣ 
ûУעĿı 
ôȵΪֹɡҾһҵ𰸣ǵԼȥˣһ԰Ƕٸ㸴ϰһ飬ϣλӵʱ㻹׼ӡ 
˰ŵؼ˼۾ôҲǾŵĺ̨ԱģҲܸȾЩԪذɡ졯ĵӿǱݵΨһ֤ݣô©أ 
⣬Ұֻǵøΰˡ 
ȴûκƵɣ¶ĺ֪߳ǵϰǳ档 
һж׼ˣ걸ʡ֤ͨݳ֤ҲȫˣԱϲ⣬һλӦУ˵϶Ӣ߻ҲûоԸǣΨһֵעģֻλˡ 
¶ͣĶٵ˶סʿһǵĿ˳λʿʲôرľٶ͡ɱ 
ǰ¶ȵ飬ڸһƽƽЦ£ 
ѵģȻѵãûɲá 
ʱݳСһΪĿͳҺ͸ҵСγǰ棬ξǻԱ͹Աм䣬Ǻ߶뿪֮ǰҸ߰âֻһκƽûʲôݳǺúϾŵ񡣴¶ξ䣬һɴͻȻжرУͱʿһҲǺλӵ˽Ӵ·ýӦ׼ 
뵽һͨհ·ʼԼôҲҪЩ 
糵ʱ·ϿյģľóҲ١ڹսʱ̲סУĹԢһۣﴰգûˡҵЩĸоһ 
Ӿڰ轼ɳۣâأ·ũ˸ʮӺ󣬾ѾӽάհͿƴշĽˡ 
ĵϵ۱˳˳ؿ裬Ϊ¹ЧٸҲ޷ǵÿһ·ţѾĻ±㿴üһؿ 
·뼸յλεĺƺطŹ⣬һ¾ڿԣ·ϱվ¹ͼ졣 
һʿҡҡ֣߰ѳͣ 
Ұ֤ȥ˷ߵ̧̧ͬ°͡κܵ͵±ǵĿͳ 
֪׼΢©һġ 
ˣʿҵݸһ̣ôֵڡ 
ллЦЦǳеģûʲôҽ컹˼أ 
ôһѽı飬ѵʲô£ 
ŶǵǱת̫ϢӢҪߣǼ֡ 
Եĸһһۡ 
ҸЦ˼ǿɵСˡ 
ʿܿϣλʿͷ 
ףǺˣ·ϣǹȥ 
һƴʱʼҵͷߵüͷһ𡣡 
ô죬ˣһỵ̂һҡ 
ҧֻǵûи̫ĦгѾӰ迪׷ǡķӢˣôݳС鶼ᱻǣȥȻõϢŻһվһվشȥɣ̵ذԭƻǲˡ 
˵ߡҸξǻŴҼԭ·ߣЩûϵһӿٶ賿ϵհֻҪϴͺˣ 
һðգͻȻԲУ 
˼ǵȵ¹׷ǣ·ϾͰǶץ 
Ȼǣɣ 
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һ;¹ô죿˭㣿 
￪ʼûйؿˣֻҪϵĿĵؾˣԺ˭·ֵڣɲǰ裡 
ˡ 
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ͨհĹ·ɺǰ죬ɺӹȡӹǸĵɽ룬ֵũԶũĵƻۼһɳĮĴԴޡΪصס¹⣬ŵĿ˸еѹ֣ԵλѺúÿķ԰⡣ 
ɫԽԽˣƴԶԶȥҲ֪ôˣֻ֪һЩϸСˮ齥ڵ粣ܲ 
ˣˡɭʿҡ 
ŶǵġҴˢķ﷢ԽԽ׼ˣʿ 
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ǸǺܿɰˡĲЩħϣ 
лģξһлᣡҶ¶Ѻõ΢ЦʤԺһģǽʽݳұ֤ 
һΪĺ۾ 
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ŵѷʿͻȻеǰˣ 
ʮˣ 
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ʪĵϣؿǰǸˡѳббͣ·м䣬ϣɫס˴Ķñѽ𷢲ֻܿ԰׵˫ɺ۾ 
ϺãҵĲУЦЦôˣıǿħ 
ʵҲɡ 
ҳӢһ˲伸ҪУô 
Ӧڰ裬У 
ԣںʼ磬ȷʵӦڹԢůĴϣӭ˯Ů񡣵û취Ҳòһˡ 
Ҿسɨ˼ۣղĵطںģʲôҲ塣ҲȷǷʿڰ 
ˣˡУ΢Цվֱӣҵûˡ 
ֳɵǰ˼ǰˡ 
˺ǵһμ棺ˣȧ΢ͻЩƤûһѪɫֻ̬ѾָǰӣЦЦıľġ 
ʲôУҿʼϷ䣬ʪѾ͸·ճҵƤ 
ɨһۣѾ֪˰ɣȥհĹؿյر߲˶Զ 
Ϊ±֮ĺ⣻ôܿ϶Ĺأ 
Ҿ֤Լ˰µñƿֱֱң·ɡ 
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Ŷǳлüؿ˵ΪǺ޲㱻ŶԡΪʧˣв˾һ 
ˡɱЦݣǳؿǹ⡣Ҫ㣬ܶ࣬ҵķͻˡǺˣԼȻľģ㣬Ǿ͵ȥҲκ˺ĶأǲǸ¸ҳϰˣ 
ˮñϸСûֹߺޱؽϡҴû峺̹ϣͬʱ쳣ᶨ 
һʱ侹ֻ벻һеת뿪˫˸һˡʲôص쳣ڶ˼ҲʶԼĺ 
ѣȥһᷢյġ 
УҵߣҼ硣 
ĬĬ飬һصԱߡ 
ϺãǡյԣЦض˴кؿξǵĿ⼯ñûϣȻɫʼࡣ 
šæͣλǲУΪǰյˡ 
Իһ㣬ξϻһЩɵɫûһɴ֡ 
ˣôѷʿӢҡ 
ֻøӢش𣺡͵հԶǰп̲顣 
˿𣿡ξҲĸ˵ô֪ǻ· 
һûüڣУѾ˲ͷιιõӢʿҲڱǰôʧΪ𣿡 
ĸԼͬ˵ľȻǴ׶ǻ 
ɡҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ˵ƽհ 
ξս໥˼ڴ˹ʶҵͷŵˡ 
̫ˡУţҵĳȥɡµĬ˹СγɱȱάϹŶˡ 
УļܺãȻԽԽȻʪ·Ϸɳۡԣں׼õĸסźߴΪӵˣֻ¶Ǹ΢Ц 
·һʱڿУƣûκѵعȥˡ賿ĵǽհͷķȥ 
ϵ۱ӡֹһֽɵĸо 
˵лұȽʵʡУ˵ˣǸܺõĺɣ 
ô˵Ϊʱ硣ҲؽһˮʵһֱУô֪· 
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ʲôʱ֪ǵжй¶ˡ 
Լ㡣 
üͷô˵뿪ʱǻǣ˭Ϣ͸̫ѵǡ 
УûлشҿǱ졣ڻ׷µʱ򣬵ȰҵӢϴԺ˵ɡ 
γڸߵͲƽĶʯ·ǰʮӺʻͷͣһֿԱߡʱѾúСˣɫĶĻĨ˲׾ĺϡ 
ˣͣɣǵԼˡҶУ˵ԸԴҪ뿪Ҳûϵ 
ǲܸǣԲԣǺ֪̫𣿡 
ϧҲûΪĻǰɡôһǵлл㡣 
УϨ˳ƣĿ˵ؿϱ۾ 
ƿ˳ξǳֿһͷȥСγıصǽסԺξңʵ𣬲һ֪ͨĲ£ǻΣյġ 
ġҸΪǸ˱绤ܱ֤һ㣬ĿǰƻǵĺЭ顭 
ξϵɻûʧȴԸͣˣ 
λӵ˿ѾڻԱߵˣǻǴϴסϴԺǾˣ빫Ժ˭Ҳܰô 
ҴӿڴͳһֻССĿ٣족ĵڿƮһԶԼԼͬĿģģӰ߹һֵͲ 
ûֹ֧ͣ࣬ͬĵӽˡҽǰĹ߿˵ʱȴһ 
Լɪ㣡 
ɯʱ䶼ûټ꣬˿վǰͷ˵ĴƷűñһİҡһЩҲһЩԵú侲ûǰɬĳ嶯 
ʺãҲ̫ˣôѵ 
Ҽλӡƽƽ˵ӦǾҺ͹ά񡣡 
ǺáǸŴӵˬʵسѿ죬졯ˣˣȻһɫ˶ 
ĿҺΣʱҲû˽ 
ǽλӢѣȻѻոǡάǻߵêڻжСʱҪǰͨײյݽȥ 
ʣµ¾ͽǰɣˡұ֤ĺˣֻҪһһоͶȫˡ 
뿪λѽҵҸξıİɭʿԸ˵սҵĸ硣ÿ߶еı飬мϲ뼴ʹٶΣҲῴġ 
һУάŵͲظղŵ·ԶˡԼɪȴվԭأң·ʲôҪ˵ 
ԼɪҾԼ΢Ц㿴ˡ벻¼㡭ˣ̫̫ô 
Ǻܺãллػش𵽣Ȼס촽 
Լɪ 
ңǸǲǻţ 
ҵ·һӱһֻ߬סͷӲˡ 
ţԲԣ 
к۾ð˻磺ûɱ˵ڰˣǾȻҽ㾿ʲôѵ˵ҵĳŵ 
Լɪ˵ 
ŤͷӲؾܾˣϿɱɣ˵ҿԡɱ㣡 
Լɪ 
ٿһۣɿתܿˣϹάʧںɫҹĻС 
վԭأȫļⶼˡͻ꾹ҵһƬհףҷһμʱ龰ʱ۾ȴıˣΡ 
ûҸǸŵӦö𣿿ǣУ 
ҲЩصĲߡ 
ɫСγͣԭأֻ濪һյƣԼԼʻϵǸſڷϣѵذסҼ磬úܵ͡ 
һ·϶ѷץ̫ˣȵҼϻδϵǹˣϸ룬˻ΪҲŹϵġ 
 
ǲǸ¸ҳϰˣ 
 
̾һУԡ 
·Ÿоˣ̧ܿͷҷĶͷЩϸϸĺ 
ô˿ѿ𣿡Ҵӿڴͳе㳱ʪļʿ̣һ 
ûΣеۣ˵Ѫ 
ӦСģȾ鷳ˣҵȼԼ̣Ѵݸ 
˹Ļ治쵽ǰһֿɶ˵Цݶ˵˿ڵķݶϣʹ˰ɡ 
̱ǵڳУƷζųĿɬ壬ͻȻ׿һ˯һĳ嶯 
ôˣУңΪӢῪأǲǰеĳһˣ 
Цһͼ 
ı͸ûһɵĸоΪҵЩ𣿡еݾ쵽ѾûЦĳɷˣ۾εضҡ 
ǡطĲ²⣬ΪпĻ𣿡 
źǿһк˵滰 
̲סЦЦҸˣ 
ðɣͻȻչץסҵ°Ͱҵ˹ȥһЩȴĶסҵ촽ĳ̽ҵĿǻ 
˰ɣ 
ȵıϢḧҵƤ˫ԭͬƵ۾˿üҳܲסҿ޷ϵ΢ЦһֻжŰ˲Żе΢ЦǰɯԾֳ΢Ц 
죬ȵطҶǾȻûǰµĸо 
ΪʲôҰӳһ㣬Ϊʲô㡭ǲǷˣ 
ɣʲôϵ 
ҵĵˣɱҵѣҵӺͺӡֻ֮гޣ 
û˺С㣬Ķأһҡסҵ֣ԽǰأԸûΪ㲻˺ҡ 
֪ԼĸһôѾùһˡ 
ǾõڶΡκˣٴζûϵ 
ûףָȴů͵ģǴɴ⵳Ʒ޳ʵ˵Уɫܲ԰ףȻͬŷҪǣ۾¶ȡ 
Ŭǰ˺͵һμʱصȴʧˡ 
ѵҪӵ࣬ԼԼɪĳŵ𣿡 
ɱһ޵̫ˣôɱһأ 
ûаֳֻĬĬذת򳵴⣻ҲûзſңҲû˵ʲô 
ĻһĨĺɫԽԽˣּ˲ĶڴӺ콻ӵĵطѿˣй¶ƬƬɫĹ⡣ɫĺˮĴǲԶķ̣һƮİĻԶԶ뿪ͷϼȫͿ˵Ľɫ 
ֱһСڵ㡣 
߰ɡһͷУ˵Ӧ뿪ˣһõ³ҵľŻϡ 
ͷ۾ͻȻһ˿ֵɣҵĶͷܺ죬Ƿˡ 
𣿡ҾͷЩ裬ΪĹϵӦÿˣҺ㶼Ҫҽ 
΢΢һЦڷſҵ֣˳ӡ 
ʱǲԼͬ˱С 
Ħгĺ 
ʮţ 
ɳ޵ķ羰Ӳ˺ѿһЩԽԽҲƻ֮ѵõ 
ҺͲУͬʱعͷһӺǹʵʿڳĦгǰĵƹ⼴ʹ΢¶ĳҲϴۡ 
УɫúܳأҰڰ֣ʾҲس棬 
һͽϴξӳ˸ƣʿǹ˲ֿС·ߵǰҪǵ֤ڷУľαԼһ׼Ժ֣ص񡣡 
ʲôξУջֱ̧̧֤ۡ 
ǵģ١Ƿ׷ǱӵӢɡ 
Ŷ 
ǵģӰ贫鱨˵ǻ͵ɡξ۾ΧɨһȦɵ˵٣ҡ𣿡 
УһüëȻ 
Ϊʲôλǡ 
У΢ЦŽ͵λĶء¡ŵ߲ҵѡǱҪȥأΪûͺߵճ;ͣһ¡ 
ξȻˣܱǸˡܸǷΧɵ𣿡 
ûСУĻشܸɴ࣬ʱ컹ûأʲôҲûУСʱſǡ 
ξͷƺȥˣʱУֳȽϸȤӡס׼뿪ʿ٣ϸѯʹ׷ 
ΪҪȥɼٶûнӵ֪ͨ٣ʵǴӰģǵתߵġǻɳξһʿС;һĬ׷ߣһϻӦǣһ³ȥˣ˵Щ˻װɾŵӸӢ˴ڻ 
ҵһ£θʼ鴤 
УɿɨһۣҵļҪˡ 
ʾǸξȥԼˣȻ󷢶ʻͷ 
ЩҺɫӰģʱҲһеץסֱۣȥ³ڣ 
Уüͷ֪ôҪģϸһ룬ȥʲô壬ͱץˡ 
ⲻص㣡 
ҺܿŴֻ©֮㡣 
ұ֪﷢ʲô£ 
УڳһֻḲҵϣǵģ⡣̫ 
ǻҲűʿĴڣ 
ͻȻתͷһۣŹֵض˶촽ȴʲôҲû˵°ע˵粣ǰ 
У 
ðɡͷʿڣȥԽȨ 
߹С·ؿ 
ѾˣؿߵľɫͬߵͣӶں˼룬ͷҲε 
Ǳܲˣ־һҹҾԼֽŶʹ쳣ȣǵľͻͻŷۡʱҲԸУҵҶȷǾôˣ 
Լʮһң³һ¥ԼʮĵطͣǴǵķӣһ۾ͿڽֱͣŵĴͳݳС˵һ 
ڣûˣԱ߻վһǹĵ¹ʿ 
У˵ȥͻ 
Ľ飬ñӣŲæسǸʿ߹ȥھ˶ݵĽ̸֮ص˳ϣɫصظңߺͼҪԱѾʿˣʱҲڽѺذ衣 
ϵۡҵɫһѿˣô 
飡ôǹĴ漰Ļ򵥵áͥɷطֲƴҳ֤ݣȻǡ 
ھͻذ裡 
Уû̴ӦעҵüͷܸоԼ¶ȺܸߣƤһֳ˲ĳ죬ҲЩģһǿҲԾ 
Ķأ˵ 
ллҴĻ֪ΪҺãУҲӦʱʲôȽҪңǸִܹˡ 
𷢵͵ĿңЦЦǵģǸִˣ֪ˡ 
ûоܾҡ 
ڻذ·ϣҵԽԽҡ 
ǰи¶ȻʧˣԱʿŻлһҲ֪ʲôʱǵļƻһԿ϶ǣעѾܾˡҵҰעУϣȫûҫ۵ԻпΣյǡҾ쵽Լвʱ򣬺Ѿˡ 
ҲΪʲôУÿζ漰ƺɫͷ˻ⶼĪ֪ʲôݡǹ찡һУкɶԼأ˵ǵĹϵвҲ֪ܡ 
ҵͻȻֻصŶ϶ 
ĶأǲǸ¸ҳϰˣ 
ҽ㾿ʲôѵ˵ҵĳŵ 
Ͽɱɣ˵ҿԡɱ㣡 
 
ϵ۰Ϊʲôһж֮ӿһˣ 
ְס˶ǣڵȣͷĸʹͷǹɢۣĥ뷢衣 
Ķأôˡ 
ңģģػشһžͿ·ͻһƬķ羰ɺɫȻҵͷײ˼ʻ̨ϡ 
ΪԵ̫죬Ҹûʱײʹ 
 
֪جΣ 
εɯڰɫĹʬǰһһظᣬȴΪһ˫ǿ׳ֱεشӱסңõĽ𷢺ͳȵĺҵĲӣһ 
ҿԼɪ޵˫ۣǹʹɯĺ߹ҲֻעǸϤͷͻȻ˾ƺɫһĳһҵ塣 
ǹƫƫ׼ˡڶǹ죬ԽԽȻһ˻𻨡 
亹ҵȫԼΣ֫Ǧһ޷ֱôֲڶůĴҵգҵ֣Ҳѹ޾Ŀ־塣 
УǰŴ󣬽𷢴ڻɫĵƹк࣬˵ġ¶˾ϲı顣 
Ұתͷİɫ컨壬һյ˻ҳĵơ 
ǡĶҼǵԼ˹ȥԺһ֪ 
³ĳũӣУҲմڶͷķ˿㲡ˣúأգҲɷסұͣΪҴ򡣡 
ڡʲôʱ䣿ҵĺָۣ 
㡣˯ˣСʱ 
ģ 
ҲһеУæסңҿϡ 
𶯣ڻʲô𣿡 
ǵûذ裡 
ë̺ҹؾܾҵҪ󣺡ĶҲȥԺ˵ɡ 
ڱʿɱҵԺ𣿡ҿСûʱϢ 
Ķأ 
ע⵽ֵĴԽԽ࣬ôȻ̶̵ܴĺǵ顣 
̾˿Լӵڻ뿪ģҼܿ϶ǵ˵ûκ壬ֻҪĵˡҴطٴȰ˵Ŭ֪ۼԼЩ 
Уоҵ彥ɣΪҵͷڴͷʱһĴ׳긾߽һţ̡УĿЩ䱸͵͵úͱĵҡ֪һ¹˱ŻԵͬͻȻ跿һֲڸҲûʲôá 
УлȻųƱѾöˣߡ˼䣬Ϊǹź뿪ˡ 
Уţ͵ϣҳҩ 
ллҰȵıϣ˿֪Ҹղجˣ 
յ˶جΡ 
㡣 
ڴЩȵңҡҸʲôĥ㣬ɱң 
ҡҡͷǣûôɱҲҡ 
ŶҺܺ档 
ĸ٣ϣʿ 
ԭĵ΢Цһ˲ˣһӱýֱҶ۾Źκα仯ɫӸʶʲô 
Уתͷ̵ͳ̣ȼ³˵ɫ 
ˣеҲøˡ·˼ѡ㣬ԳĬһѾ֪ˣĶأ½ıĶӣΨһļ̳ˡ֪ҡʵ˽ӡ 
ͻ̹Щ޴룭֪Ұ¡ 
ɹҵԱĸ׽һ֪꣬ĸִҪҺͺܸɴؽιϵǸùŮҲͳ֪ڼ鸾ҵǣĸ׺ܿͺˣԹԼĹִҵĴڡʵͦƯģź;ƾϵúܿ졣 
Ҳ֪ôģҴСͺΧСܣΪҡҰ֡صҺĸûȾƻã˾ͻһ˵áһһٰƣҪҳ̫ǸӢߴˣ˵ᱻáʱҴ޵ĺӻǵĸծҾͻһ֮ٴҾԼʮǰҼˡ 
ƽ˵˵¶ͻȻеѹ 
ĳһ죬ĸͻȻܸˡΪǸ˵Ķˣζпܱϣóȫѧϰֶġֺ֡ùĶҶѧҿʼԸ⣬Ҳͨˣ˳Ǹ˵Ķʲôáҽǵİװү 
áĽôġ 
ֵ÷̵ǣʮչǸ˻ֻңܾҵĸסԡˡ 
Уصһ̣۾Ҽ̲סҪס֡ 
Щʿ죬һ˶ࡣԣĶأ֪𣬵һο㱣δʱҾ룬ʵСϷ˭أ 
ǻҵԭ򣬶տʼҲ֪ 
УЦЦٰ۾ôˣ˵Ҳòɡ 
Ҳ֪ʱҵıϷ 
ŶһʼΪǵ϶ǸмӵαߡҺܿͷԼˣҪ¸ңҲİֵôι̣ҶԼ˵ԸС鷳һ¡ңǸڰֵͷ֪Լļ̳ڰһˣҲʹļǰ̫ˣԲԣΪҷ֮İ龹Ȼģر㣬ġ̫߹ˡ 
ôҲ죬ϵѪɫҲţ죿 
Ϊʲôô˵ 
Ҳ֪УңֻǾԲλࣺҸļͥδޣΪǸȫĸ飬Ϊ˱ǣʱּҿȫװռӶȭͷ䳰ȷв˺㣬ʼչԼκ͸߹룬ΪʲôĹ壿ΪʲôˣԵȫˡ 
У 
ǵģֻݣҶδ޼ֱʵ÷ΪʲôԵõİأû˰ңûУῴ˵ʱı飬Ҳɱˡ 
һŭҲְҰشͷ 
𼤶ƺϵҵķӦ˵ûΪֻ֪һӡ󡭡ǹﻹˡ 
úܵͳҵ忪ʼ˭ɵģ 
ʶϣʿҵĺ췢٣ҲǡΨһĸ硣 
ʮ 
˿ͻȻҲҸˡ 
ҵɴ۾ǰˣһ췽ҹ̷ӣĸ磿Ǹˡ 
¶ı治סУ٩㲻һֱڻ֮Ĺϵȫ㡣 
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻúؿ˼ 
ϣʿȷʵһѪԵϵҴꡣֻĸףرǾƺɫͷҵһμʮֻ꣬Ǵһô۵Ļ˺ܶ飬ҳɼǳãΪûǮܽõĴѧһֱңҹȥйɱҾٶҿʼΪʲôҲûٸѵǲ֮ҾʹĵϸĸסǸ˵Ů͡ 
̲סס͡ 
ǲõˣôĵ˾ȻҵĸףУ¶ڸǵӶ񣬡һҲôһӽԴĸӵ̬ȲȶԴö١ƵǣϣȻһֱŻ룬ϣܳҲͬһֱΪ˲϶ŬǸۿ˽ǣס̫ˣҪһԵıѪͳļ̳ˣԲŻѡ𷢱ۡнնġ 
Թ𣿡 
ȻˣΪҵĳŬ֮ҸҴģÿ춼ڱò˶ҩĿ⿴ҡǸЦǣǸ˾Ȼңѧǲξչңͬʱҡ 
üͷӣ 
ǵģӡСȱĲФʲô顣Ժϣͺһֱһ𣬰ˡ 
û˺𣿡Һֵܹϵ 
ʼйҺƵҵÿһ¡æϱֻģͲұϳšźΨһļ̳˷ǳϧֹһεʻյĺϣúñסҵӣͻܵĳͷ֪ĸ綼ˡ 
Ҳ֪˾Ȼ״̬ʿദ֮ʱ䣺ûз𣿡 
ܱһʵֵĻʮ꣬ȻҲΪ̶̵ʱи֪ΪʲôͬʱȴֻʿΪִ;գεĴ鱨Ҵĵġ١ 
뵽Ǹ˲²͸񣬴˸ս 
ҶȤʱܹ˷ܰɡһϣĺһһֱڹѹ̫ᴧĦҵ˼ˣ֪ĳʱʼҶѾǱϷ̬ˣʱҵ˿Գ׻ҵķԼɪײǣʿֱɯ㲻һеɱң֪һУŶֻˡ 
ҵ߬סµë̺˵ΪﻹΪŭ 
ô˵һֱڹ۲ 
ȫȷһһĵôغɣ 
Ҳ֪ŰĶҡв£ 
ȻУͷҰҪ˻գʶΣˡҲ֪Ȼڷ涯֡ɱ㡣 
ԭҵ۾ûƭңڰǱʿпܵУĿŵض𣿻ǡʹǶɱˣȻƸҹݺź͵µֿ֯ 
µˣ 
Ҿϵë̺Ҳ޷ֵĵ׾ĺ⡣ 
ôˣУҵеؿ˹ǲǺ䣿 
ûʲôǿҡҡͷȴ޷ӿߵʣֻǺһ¡ 
ߣ 
ΪʲôԼ˵ǳΣգȴߣԺڸ 
һ£漴ʼ磺Ҳ֪ҲɡǸ档 
ǲΪĸסһִ̫ŵŮˣΪĳʵֵԸԼһʿһǸӵϣֻһΪ˰飬һΪ˻óϡ 
УЩȵؿң֪ҵĵĻһֱڻرܵؿ۾ֳ︡һֿ˵ǡʹࡱĶ 
𡭡תЦǰɡʵǸŮ˰ûȾƵʱҲͦõġ 
Ҵû뵽ǰŵƷߴ̫ͦһҲжҵߵʱܸо˿̵һǿס 
ССķ˵ͳϢУʲôҲ˵ˡ˺ܾãı˼ĶٴʱϵıѾûʲô֪֮ľ̶ʱѾˡ 
Щεͼл⣭ 
У 
˹п˺ŷǻķһܺ 
ҵе㷢ȣΪѵҪ¶΢Ц 
Ӧþ뿪Ž飬Сʱʲôˡ 
ܹ߳ʮ𣿡 
һͿˡܱ֤һСʱ𣿡 
ңȻѴҵĶͷϣ˯ɡ 
ûεκҲĶţ̵ã˯úܰȣֱУǳغҵ֣ѹ 
ôҵĶͷˡ 
ҸеģѾ֮ǰʹӣöˣûˡ 
üͷȴʲôҲû˵ֻǰҴףҩŽڴ 
ʻⴱͨͨũʱؿǸ¶һɫɷ򾯽صǡ˶ߵĵֵڱϻΣ⵹޵ɢţ֪УζԴ޶á 
Ѿȫˣ·ʪͣڲͣ¡ 
ҷָͷôų 
ѴϣĶءвιȥұ֤ڲϡ 
˹пȻʧЦû˵ĳЩʱر߶ 
ûлشȴǡ 
ҺֵĸоһͨˣѪᣬñ˺ͰҷԼԭƺٿһ㡣ǰ¶һ˿˿ԻĶڷŭͳڸҰǶԶˡ 
̫һĸɱ˵۾̫ɯҲرغ˽ԼԼʼͬҺҲһҲƱָһ˺ 
ŶϵۣͷҰɣ֪ʱǱ߸ҪңȴˣسԼҾ˼·صǰĴ鷳Ȼ۾ 
ԺѾҹˣûлؼҡУġݡܷһùݷ䡣αװһϴµϰ绰İ칫ңֵѾ뿪˽ŸСʱˣǱµľߵġ 
Ұп࣬ʹûⳡҲˣʿѾѸٵжһеģֱ˾ŵ鷳ҲڹԱǼǲϹ˸һҲڽӣĸҲ⵽Ѷʡ 
ڲʱƴǷˣҲѵĶС޿ظңĵӵʱ¹ĸף˵ǣ浽һ׮ 
һͰˮͷҵȫƲסط߬Ͳ 
ĶĻҪ죬ԲԣУְסҵļͷҵжҲͼƻ˵ġĶأҲò˵ĸ׺ѷǳΣա 
УҸеһ־壬Բǳ£ 
ҲκٱɱϣʧȥκˣǻҪҵ 
Ե𣿡ץסУֱۣ֪Ӧа취Բԣ 
ǰҲǺϣûκοɽֲУɫأȻԽȨôֿԺܴ󡣡 
˵ʵﻹ̲סһŭ𣺡ﲻң𣿡 
ұȻȥ˽ 
ǶԺ𣿡 
ĶأУָι̵սҵļ磺侲㣡㲻һԸΪҿڵΪΪܾǵǣ 
ұסԴҧݡ 
ϵĴֻ˲Ȼҵͷ̧ҿһ˫ᶨ۾˵Ķأңһᾡȫȥĸ׺ѣΪҲٳһΡʧȥʹࡣ 
֣صĳŵҲ˼԰һģסڵѪҺ 
ллϣǸֻǺܵġ 
˰֣ʾұϣڱȥϵõϢٹ㣻ҲҪϢվվȣǿʲôҲˡ 
õġ 
УӦұ뿪طѾ˿ʼѲˣ 
֪ 
ͳҩ۵Ĳ輸ϣȻñӣתš 
ҵڴϣ۾ƾͷе˼˿һҶûͷؾһձϢ 
ҲԼʲôʱ˯ŵģʱϾȻűӣ԰׵͸ɵĴڴǰĵذϡ 
ʹԴһ۾ͿϵУ 
ˣôң 
ޱָָ輸ϵıӣȰҩϣȻ˵ 
·»ˣ룬һؿΪûк۶µƣĺۼʵҺ˵лл˿̵Ҿú£κοµϢҡ 
һ˼ҩȻ˸ˡңǲѾعӷֲˣ 
Уͷһֱûҵϣ˸ϷֱӵˣһδѲпΪξ 
Ϊͷ˾Ҳ֪𣿡 
ңЦˣѾ롮ɷӡˣεжûб֪ͨ𣿡 
ʹ̽鱨Ҳˣ 
ԹѡĿǰֻ֪Ǵ˴ԼʮˣǵľųԱռȻûѶѾʼˡ 
ζʲô 
ϴİ칫ǸʿñӴƤˡ 
ţҲ߬ȭͷɺᣬĸסǻ᲻ᱻ 
УĬ۾ңû⣡ 
Һվҧȴ޷˵һ֣ 
Ψһȷϵǣмûͽܵõ鱨ΪϣĸԭڵĵǣһΪ˵õ֤ڳѶǳ 
УĻЪ˹شУǳཹƵĸоҼʹκﾲģһʱֻҴڴ 
ðɣðɡҿסԼ˼ûʲô취Ծ𣿡 
ȫУ룬ĶأûпĴŶ 
üͷӪʲôϵ 
ϣǸˣûʽѲ㣬ǸҵѶš 
Ҳס 
ΪҰ㣬ں㡭㻹𣿡 
ҴؿȻʶˣѵӦ 
ͷԻûбƻУǣǣǣƻļһﵱȻڵұʾʲô̫ˡ 
ҵͷеЩ޴룺޷˵ȥɡֻʵϳ֮ĿǰûκηĻдȱڡѾùһУĸ飬ѵҪеڶҳԼɣʹ֪Уʿ뷨ǻԼϣУܺԸ֪ȻǰҵĽˣԶҲȲҵ˺ѣ 
УǺܱǸʵһҲ߹ֻǸ˽ˡ 
ĶأĶءЩֲڵָҵĲܰ㿡׻Ƶǰʲô鰡Ҫ޳ˡ 
ޣ 
ΪޣӦúܸ˰ɣ 
Ұס֣û˵ 
УҵĶͷϴûܱİˣҲʧԲԣңҺҲӦи˽ˡ 
ʮһ 
죬ҲûУҲûڸʲô 
ǿԼʱҩԵֳ˯ߡҵӵڶ쿪ʼָúܿ죬ϵûа취ֲ⣬ҾԼصõ״̬ 
ΪֱܸоУѾĳ־ȴԸҡ 
˵ϣҸӿ϶ԼĲ롣 
ûطһߵȼһ߶˵ɫ۾ԵЩģ塣 
ȥĶʼ磬Ӧ֪ҼһǾŶܵ˼ӡ 
轼ȥλӵǡǻûȫ졯ԲԣҪͷĿûץǿ϶©Сɫ 
Ҷ۾ôҲˣ˵Ѿܵ˵飿 
Уҡҡͷƽᵽȥһʱ䲻ڰ裬ϣҵһȫĵط 
ɫûһתǺ򶨣ǱҲһǣƷĽ𷢣ͦεɣҸˣε̫ˡĿתؿϧȴû¶һ㶯ҡĺۼ 
ˡ̵صͷǲҶ㿪 
ü΢΢һ£Ҹɴ࿪żɽʿ˵ʲô 
ĶأУõΪֹͣЩ롣 
ûоĲһģ㲻ΪһûκΰĶ˹пˣǡҵġ˺ѣ 
ݺݵذӳȥϵıȴ̵ģƽȣҲ֪ʲôĶء˵һᾡģ㱣֤ 
ΪҲŸģ 
ɫһӱ࣬˺һŹŹֵسǣǰ˵Ҳǡҵȷʵ⡣ 
ҧԼͷ 
Բ𡭡Ұյؽ֪ͣҲ˼ֻǡֻǲһȥðգ 
УϿհƬ̣Ÿֳŵı顣 
ʶԼĻ̫ڹУ˵ҪǣҲΣȫ㵽һߣҾĳųˣ 
Уתͷ˼ҿ۽ǾȻǹЦ⡣ 
ҿ⣬ĶءϵٶҪףʲôҲˣԼѱԼ 
ⲻص㣡վߵǰҪǣ㲻ܶʲô 
Уͷҿס죬ڡЦˣѵҵıΪڿЦ 
ҶˣҶˡͶƵľٸ˫֣Ҹ㣬˰ɣ 
ùݵĿرѺȣûůһԸſɬζڵı֡ 
УƤ׶ƾɫָȼš 
˵ûпܱͷţüͷظĻ 
ԡУͷϣѾȷظңǲǡ졯ĳԱα˶ѶӪ 
Ϊʲô̫ˣתضûС 
ȻΪ˱հŹһɷӾͻ鷳οεжʿΪξ壬ԽԽãٴ㣬͸ˣ 
̸ʱһڻؾ𣿡 
ֻǸңϴαͼСȳĸ׺ǲܵģ 
ȫûϣ𣿡Сش⣬ĻϾɱ 
УƬ̣ȫǻӾְѷתѺ׶ٿ;лᾭڡ֪ͨ··ڣһһб¡ 
ҵһ£˼ǡ 
ⲻҵ˼ǺϣġľǵѺĸˣĳˣ˵ҡ 
Ǹͷ˲ôһֱԵУң 
ʲô 
̳ȨУ˵ֻҪתЭǩ֣Ϳ԰һС 
Ҷʱ˿ڣʲôҲ˵ֻҧ촽εſȱ 
ҲܲµôɣϾһĶУмعǣϧ˵һǮֵ 
ܲµУʲôĴ𰸣Ҳ֪˵ллѾԵúˣҪԼҲǲܵġ 
˵˱ôأ𷢵ƺ͸ҵĸ˼ӦǼֵ۵ɣҵռ˴أһŷֽʮĸм˵ֵ̫ˣ 
ǿЦЦôļԴȥ𣿡 
˰ɡУûͬ⣬ΣգҲܱ֤ϣ᲻ʱ衣 
ôܱ֤ĸ᲻ˣ۶أҲϸ˵˵ʱİš 
ðɣ֡Уͳһǹϡ춼ˣֵ̫Ƶᱻֵġ 
лл 
𵽴ߣúñԼ 
 
ջ죬ҵȻԼڷ﷢ù 
ڴϷԸùд۾ñԺҴϴ£ǹŽڴαװһľګСְԱе߶Ҷ̩Ժ 
ݳΪܵǣѾͣˣÿ˴ңŷҷա·˹ 
Ҿǣͷ׵˽䱸ң˭ 
ҷŵӣժ±ñ۾ 
ϵ۰Сؾˣôˣ 
˿㻹ƽ£ա 
Щͷ˿ΧȻϰҶ 
ǰ˵ҹݺų¡ˣΤлץˣиߺ¶ 
ԣ֪ˣôûڱ 
ӺߵģҰǰˡ 
ҷĵչӣʵûܵ𣿡 
ûУˡΪص㣬˱ʱûǵȻ鲻ҺûʲôΣա 
̫ˡҺԼ׿ǣ˵աε鷳û⣬ҪֻһλᡣҪһæ 
û⣬ˡƵзǳֵı顣 
͵λӵ紦ȥŽǣУҴ·ȡ׼õһŷ⣬дֵģһҪԼɪµˣյ 
õģˡհŷŽİɡ 
ʱΪȴúУȥԼʱҷԼȻЩʵظеһɡ 
ӺʲôҲİڷ羰续İ轼ɳ۵ʱУңôƶϣŵԣ 
ҡҡͷֻȻĸǣĶҪ 
ĵصǱʿѡģĳмҵĽǱȴĿӡǸߴï֣ܵһЩõڵϣԱͣһɫγľ̶úܺãŴţܼŻɫĵơ 
Уһۣʶڴ 
ⴱиܿĿһӺĸӣеļҾ߶ǵúܺáʿñӣԱߡ 
׼ʱŶ˹пˡ֣ˡ 
ҿĺͷڹóǳһɫƽϴ΢Цǰôû޷˲ø⣬׹ŭʡ 
ӭǣָָӡ 
ǲǵȵòͷˣУ󷽷غһ档 
һǺĵˣӦ֪ 
Уšֱʣóɡ 
ʿӿڴͳһŵúֽȫǵġУܸɴһԼ֡ҿǸ˵ĿƽעűʼֽϻͻȻҵ۾ 
һ˲ҵһ£ǵĿеĶЩ 
Ǹɴడ˹пˡʿŹңǣôɴ֮ʡȥܶ鷳 
ȥֽУһذ档ʿɫһӷˣʲô˼ 
Уƫƫͷ˵Ķ 
ʿĿٶתңӶǳ¶ǣŶǵġ˸С˽øʲô˵ģ˹пˣʹôƯҲΪʲôźԼһ巢飡 
˦һơ 
ػؾĽȻݣʿ 
ļ鴤һ£ǹñˣֻ˵һΡָĦأ磬ǰδɷȫת˵׶ٿڴԼҡһÿʮˣһѲ˰ǰһϵʿԼĦг˵Ӧòɡˣ˹пڵһϣĻˣ 
Ǻܼ򵥣ǣ 
ô֪᲻ŵأ㵽ʱٰץסãô죿 
Ŷḡʼ磺ʹȥɣĸױؽӪǱѵ㣬ˣûּۻ۵ʸ񣡡 
ŭҵǵͨ죬Ҵûôһˣ 
Уûվ˵ˣĶأ 
ǰֽӸʿ쳣ЦЦúı˻ͷǱߣʹҷ̳ȨҲԸͷκͲƲУЩ˵޼ֵȴҪˣ 
˵ղʿһʤȯյŪǣһȴ˫ǳɫֳ︡˵Ƕ񶾵ޣɫΪһӾͻ˵Уҧ 
̫ˣ˹пˡָܿƽѱϣ㲻ÿǣΪѾˣ 
һûʶ˵ʲôʱͻȻҺУ˹Ǵֲرײ˵ϡͰڴȻָոǹǸѾڶһ𶯡 
ʿںڵǹָǣϴЦ 
һ󷢻ţУڵϣЩؿĸ硣 
ϣˣ侲ҿüͷ΢΢ 
ƹյʿƤף۾һ䣺ֿ˵˹пˣһ̲סǹӦ֪ζɱ㣡 
ȻУη壬㲻Ϊһֱǰ𣿲ҲӦ֪ˣͷҲῴһۣ 
죡ʿһУؿڣײ˵ϣƺһסҼ磭 
⣬ǹһѿˣ 
ʿ۾죬صУ֣Ϊ㣬ȫΪ㣡㣬׻Ѽ̳Ȩң֪֪һֱΪŬǿԼͣѧϰһжҪãҼеһУˣʲô͹˹пգֻ㣡 
УĶͷð亹ûʿĽ 
ǹڸӼصĶͷϣӣһһǴ˵ӣɵصõ˲Ķڳһģʲô 
𷢵ЦЦҾȵطֵԺȻ͸ղһ˰ɣϣֻ֪֮һǸϵҰҲȫΪҶĶѹͿӵһУ 
ȭͷסͣʿͷϣô̼̫Σˣ 
ǹȻڿԼصĺľս 
Ƭ֮󣬱ʿһɬЦ˵ûСӣɵΪܳ㸸׻ǻע⵽ҵģҷ˲˼Ҳôˣ۹ĻᣬֻҪȡõλ׻ҹĿ࿴㣬Ͷ䵽˶ĵĵطȥɣϲ㣬Ҳһ̳ͬľλ 
ôһķ֮һѪͳ̳𣿡 
УҼˣ 
˵ʲôûˣʿЩŤˣֻҪˣתЭ飬ô׻ͬģѾûѡˣŶˣñ֪ĶǺһѳĻĸԸ޸ 
ҵ˿Ƿˣ 
ʿ˿ǹȴһֱûңǳǸĳ˺ĵܵܣƺҪǿϧƯδޣ 
ɯ㡭 
ʮһأȻҲŹôõĻᣡ¶ɭɭݣǷǳǳɿڡ 
ҵָݽߣ͸һۣ 
ˣˣҲٸ˷ʱ䡣ǹգʵӦøлңͬʱһ̫Ҹˡ 
ʮ 
ʲôЦ 
ҴûԼķʽ 
ӸµıʿѾǹڶ׼˲Уѹֶ˷ܣ֪Ƿǳġ 
˿Уû¶˿η壬ȴءסһҿĿԽǰ䵽бϷĺ档ͬʱʿҲǰɫ죬ʶʲôɿתֱ̧ۣ 
ǹˣѪӺɫĲϱ汬 
ʿǹ˵ϣɴ۾ѰűĵˡѪһɫСߡϵı˵ǾﻹǷŭ 
סƺʱ䶼ֹˡ 
飡 
һǹʿĲӡ 
˿صصڵϣ﷢ɺɵѪͣشָгӿУɿܹȥקֹֽѪ 
վ˫ȷ飬ȫ亹 
Լɪ´ӿĴ¶ľѻǹð˿˿̣۾ڵϵˡ 
ɡغʰǰѲ 
УŬѹסѪܣǿʿ˿ڵĳѪ֪ˡעż⾷εѪѾӿĿǻʲôҲ˵ֻǷץУ·ϵǰʺӡڳںƤϣ۵úܡ 
۾ıˡŭ񡢾֯ϢɫΪõʧȥһϧŬһĶͷǻΪӰˣʱǲϵۣ 
Уңҿ˿ϵı飬֪ͽ͵ؾһѪԵĸ磬û˼ԼѾѪ 
ԼɪӺվǶ棬ʲôҲû˵ 
ʱŨصѪζƮҵıӣʿʼҵؿԣþȫץУ̧ϰõĶ϶˵ЩʲôŴЦЦѪУĲϣ˻ģ뷢 
һңЦʧˣʿͷ۾ңϻֿĵı顣 
𣿡Լɪʵ 
Уذʿڵϣͷ 
߹ȥᰴԲ˹пˡȻɱʿΪɯ֪Уζʲô 
ޱ飬ֻմѪĴ˸סĶ˵ˣĶأҰ㣡 
վעŶˣƽҿɲΪѾΪ㱨˳𣬼 
ǵġԼɪ򶨵ػش𣬡ϵ۱ӣ 
ô㲻ʬɣ 
ܱ֤պ鷳 
Ȼ 
У½ѪףøǼҾߵĲʬϵ˳ڴعУȻˮϴɾ֡ĬĬһУͻȻĵ׺ܡ 
ԼɪȴûмעУжѾǰĳ嶯ϴμʱӳȣҾϤİ 
лл˴ҵš˵ڽһ԰Ϣ˰ɣΪˡ 
ҴӦ㲻Ź֣ 
ǡҲˡ졯ˣ 
ҵĶһըף͵̧ͷ 
ܸӣѵԼûз𣿻Ҳú㻹ǡְɡ 
û˵ֻͷһƬհס 
Լɪķ򣬱ǹ⼸Һλӵ˻߶Ҷ̩ԺŵϢһ񱴶ʿŵǾгɹİա 
Ҳ֪Լ˶˵õġֻǵõӰʧеС·ʱУѾվұˡ 
һֺεʹ࣬ü΢΢һ˲Ҿ븧ƽЩƣֱ̧ۣѾһѱ˻ 
µǳµ 
عңͷҵļϣ·ҪϢκѹˮһĵӿұ۾쳣ɬ 
סУıȵҺֵġ 
صʱ컹ûȫùݵķΪУѿľˡĳʪһ飬ҲŪˣѾܴˡףȥµġ 
ĬĬس̣˵ٴǸʱȴЦЦָ 
˵Բ𡯣ĶأûҪУĿģ֪ġ𡭡ʵΪǶȵĹϵҲûϲŵԼɪ¡ںϣֵ̧ʱֻתעȻûɱ 
˹пˡҳԾ 
ġУĦҵգΪǸʱΨһ뱣㡭 
أҵǰģˣЩȵĶ˳ҵ 
ְɣѾɡ족ˡѾɡ족ˡ 
Ұͷ˫УƴѹסӿϺͷʡ 
ĶأôˣУٵʵץסҵ̧ҵͷҿ۾ھ˶̶̵˸֮𽥱˲ŵľɣɢϲõĹʡ 
лϵۡ΢΢˵ٴαסҡ 
ǵģǵġǡ׽ˡ 
 
Ӵ˰£ΪУµĳҰϣһҪע⵳ӷֲʿ˵滰ǰǧٳʲôӣ˵ǼٻôǸҪԤ塣 
ͬ»ܿͻָᷢҪʧˣǵʱ䲻ࡣУҰǹݸУҲѾˣôжͲҪμˡ 
УŵĶһ£תͷ¶һɵ΢ЦΣյʱ뿪Ķأ 
ġ 
ҲǡУҵ֣ҿǹ۳ɹ㶼ټڰ裬ҳҲΪǣ졯İӺͺϣʧٶɡ˳ȳĸǣҺһߣǲμλӣʿȥǲμ˾Զһ𡣡 
áû취ջԼ֣õģԡ 
ȻʵԶ˳ 
ڵڶʮңһżֽ͵ҵǰ 
תʱǰһ죬಻䣬Сģ 
һ򵥵д̡ 
ҽ߬ðϢͺףʹʿˣɰ߶ǵȻһʼʹ˸գû˿ʴȵ˼ôһжҪǰ׼ˣֻһλᣡ 
ٶȸϵ߶Ҷ̩ԺϢ͵λٴȷжƻ׼Ǹ·ڣǰһαװõ˻ͣмбϣһȥԺ󣬾ͳȥضϵڶڱ̯˻Եһ̥ɨ䣬ͣȻ󿨳ϵʮ˷ֲĵ¹ 
ûаУķȥΪҲҿ϶ǲ統ΪѺ˳Ա֮һʹУѱ֤ʿΪʲôȦס 
Ҽûк۵ذϣȻڴԼʮһʱ˿ϵ˰ڡ 
պ˻ɫƶ䡣ƧĹ·Ϻгͨżг˴ǰƵؾ·ڣûжǱκιע 
ҸеЩ䣬˴귢ָͷڶԼɪĬͳһ˫׵˹Щȵؽӹ˵лл˿ҵĿƺѾȥ˺ܶ⣬֪ҪȫԭУҪʱ䡣 
ǵĵȴԽԽ˷ʱһϸ΢ԶԶش˹һֱԶſڴڿŵ˵еˣˡ 
е˶ͳǹԼɪͷԱ̯˸ơ 
ԼӺǵĻɿسб£ߴٵɲܼǹ죡С³ʼԼʻĵ¾ɨ䣬ҺԼɪĦгͶö񵯡 
ʱһ˾˳ҿĶиǹ۶ŲУ̽ӳ˸ֵơ 
Ȼ 
ҵ©һģһҲ˼ 
ĺŴˣط˵ʿòǹǻſڵϣУѸٵƹȥӺǣȻǹڶ˴ӵڶʿ 
ĸǡôҴֲĵ¾ܿͰͼߵҲԼɪӱСٶȳʮˣסᡢɻбͷڵϵĸס 
ò㲼ˣ۾ﻹŶԸղǳսĿ־壬ǰԺ̸ֳޱȾϲ顣 
ϵ۰ϵ۰Ķأҵĺӡ 
ң裡ұסû°ɣԲ𡭡ڵ뿪 
ҰеϿλӵСǼ𼸰ѳǹҲҳվУһ֣㣬˹пˣǵ뿪裡 
Ըһˣһᾡ˵˽ߣϾǴæ 
ĶأǲֱܴˣУûϳȴվڵ϶˵Ǳ볯ķߣ 
Һе˶סˣΪʲô 
ͳϢԺͷˣѺʱһֱڶģûǰϣİΪֻһɾ裡 
ʲô˼ 
ѵûֻʮˣǺûʲôϵˣ˺ЩǸԵ֯һ֪ǶԸ̫͵˵ûдôͬ־ҼǵǸиߵȴû͸ȦףǰһЩ޹ؽҪķն߳ǰǵķһѾ˴ 
ղŸƵԭΪ쵽˹Źֵĵط 
һͷ˿ϣܶ˶ŰɵؿУ׵ᰴסҵļ磺ĶأǱѺʱȷʵߺ¶Ǳתϣ 
ǲٰԭƻжˣԼɪ˵ڱ̸ĵ 
߰ɣУؿңǷֿ߲ͬ·ܿͻоˣ 
ҧҧÿλԱһˣֳʮС飺⣬ϰ˵֮ǰǵũׯͷȵȥ 
е˺ܿʧڸС·ľͷҺĸվһ𣬿УƷ·̫ˣ 
΢ЦñӣҲˡ 
ʲôҴˣӵ¹ȫˣֻ㻹ţΪ̫ỳ𣿡 
תǵעǹƤʣУ忨ƫƫͷһῪһߣȮǾͲˣ 
Уŭץס뷨̫ˣһߣ 
ˣĶءУƿңҪôģ˲ںҪ㣡 
Ҷʱĸף԰ûʱ۸ô죬Ҳĸ״Σյľأ 
߰ɣϿ죡Уͷüͷ 
Ҵĵ׸еһҺͿ־壬ڷסĸ׵ֱۣתУ˵˵ӵʱһҪϵ 
ЦЦұ֤УͻȻŵسĸ̧̧ñӣˣҲҪŶ 
ĸĬĬǣضУͷףˣ 
Ҳĸ״һ·뿪ˣԶԶ﷢ҲһͷԼĵĺͽǻ¶ǵسϡ 
ʱһֻůҵϡ 
衭 
Ķأôˣ 
ʲôôˣûͣ½Ųʵ 
ĸ׵ĿЩǣҾãѹҪˡ 
ûУǿЦЦֻ룬󰶴أ 
 
Բ衣ˣ 
ϵϵΣһҪǸˣ 
ʮţΣģ 
Уʳˡ 
е˶㼯ũׯĵʱûпǸ˵Ӱһɶ񺮴ҵĵ׷ 
ƴԼʲôסˣҪȻǳٵˡʱһȥ֪κνҵ뷨úܿЦˣҲܵһӶܣұĸ͵ȥ̫ܿͻѲ鵽 
ÿƻ׼óӣȻվڳԲͣųǵĹ· 
Ķءĸ׻ũȹߵߣסҸ첲ôˣΪʲôģ 
ûУ衣ס֣ûʲôˣ˿ 
㵣λ١ 
ҺصͷǺܶæ 
ѣ 
ǰɣЩСĵؿ͵Ҹ¹˽Ѱɣ 
ɵϣĸЦЦֻʲôǰǼǸʱƺЩһ 
Ŷ 
۾ɡҼǵǰ۾ģϲȴúᣬӦǸ˰ɣ 
ˣ˵̲סЦˣͻȻ뵽ʲô裬ǰѪܶ£»һΣ˵ϵۻ𣿡 
ĸ׾ңſο⣺ 
ȻˡӡȻˡ 
ȳ˷ֳ飬˷ֱؽ˵ݵĿʣµװũ˼ʻҡ 
һѼñʹףմϼٺӣλӵСǰѳǹڵҵǽߣȻΪ˼ǹ 
·СġԼɪϳԥƬֲ䵽һϢñϣ 
ҿЦŶ˵ллϳ 
պںģǶҲûһԼɪǽͷذ裬пܲٻصСڵĵ·ɫĹסͷĳ嶯Ե˵߰ɡ 
족ڰ̫˰ٷ֮ʮҹݺŲڣȻɵļûУǵʲȴȫûˡҺʿлЩһԺͨȥӢ 
λҳϵԶھΣ֧ңȻҾԶΣգȴǱ硣߻ǰЦŶ˵ǾǱ߿ʲôƷĶأսᷢԼԭҪǮ 
治֪˵ʲô 
ĸףҪĵط 
ׯ԰ѾɴˣֻȰȵʿȥˣ̵ʱڰԼ˺ȫ͵ȫĵط 
ҵôڷΪԼɪҲûиУϢҲߣҲ߲ˣ 
ü֤αװһ̣˳شϵ˶ĴװɷһСɵĹԢסеʧ 
Լһںյһ԰ţŷǦдš١ʡҵóϴŷʱҵ񼱴ٵĹĵ 
ϵûиᣭ 
УȻûӹͬǵļݣˡͨС͡ѹͷϣѺڵηУȺС 
һɴʹָ⴫࣬ȫҪˣһΪľɥͽңҹҹ޷˯ 
һº󣬵ڶŸңУѺ˵¹ڷ롤ŬΨһĶ̣ǾνΪʿ䵽ϣվӡһͨʿ 
ʱҲԼ˿лʴȵϵۻ 
꣬۶Ե¹Ƕ練˹Զǹؼһꡣ 
ǸСͷԷؽΪԼɥӡ˹ָս۴ĸ»ûκνչе˶˫ʤע 
µ¿ʼ˵ͰɱĻʼûټ˹пˣ󳹵׵ʧһûκϢҴ֪ԭһǣ˺һǣ 
·ӿʼ˷˹ָսı˹žûͷǶΪףʱϣվƴճһٺӡžսװڷǿʦѸٽƷأ׼ϡٺӡžǸѾ˷ĳУӪȱ˹š 
֧ùľǡ۹ʦáʦСϣվӡ 
ϢʱĲ֪ϵҪѶǸ˵Ŀʲôʱ򡣡 
ҿʼעս 
Ӵˡٺӡž˱˹žԺѸ˹Ʒ׼ʤ׷˹ָսۡʱ֧ʦ֤ڵ¹½мʯĵλǵĵֿǿˣڸصװʿشеվҵڻΪƽأʿȫŶʧеڶʧغѸ֯һСطΡʮֺžʤ 
Ҳ֪˹пǷʮڼڻ𹥻ҴΪҵòκϢجѾ˺ܶÿһαξѣҶͷ󺹵زסϢȻϥһֱ 
Լ֪Ϊʲô 
ȻڹƷսۻûнʱһجȴҶĸɣΪһ糵¹ȥˡ 
ϢʱհһƬȻԼڷһûгԶ۴ôҶûлӦûˣ˺ھĥҵĽʹһͻȻʶ˹пҲˣôĻ 
ΪѰһʱ䡣 
սһ쳯õķڷչ¹˿ʼڽڰˣڱǻŷޣǶάʤʱҲø׺ݺͽƻԼǶʧԼԼԤУ̫Ǳ䱾ɱ˺̫ˡ 
ǵжҲøΣգҶܸˡΪ֪һжҪˣ񰾹ĺҹȺһЩ˽꣬ȴֵڴ 
ꣶ£ŵ׵½Ϊ۹ɥӡ 
꣸£գֽ조ɷĲͬ˾ǰǺѹѹؼڵ·ûʻӭ 
ꣵ£¹Ͷ 
ŷ޴½ڰʱڽˡ 
ĲҵͰׯ԰»صҵָֻԼݣصѧԺϱС 
߽ƤһǴԢĴʱһżҵɴ۾ 
ÿһⰡˡСææذӣְɢļ⽻ҡ 
Щȫûзŵַŷдĸȫͬһ仰 
Ich liecbe dichҰ㡣 
ʴӣ꣱¿ʼһֱ꣱¡Խ棬ЩžԽԽƣеŸɺԵѪ 
⣬ÿһⶼϸĵز𿪿ˡ 
һֱʶС㻹ûУȴҡͷôˣˣһⶼûˡ 
ôǸˣѾڶ˹Ķˡ 
ѩһɢŻƿĶС㾪ȵؿңˣôˣ 
ҵܲ԰׵ˣֹסᣬһλϸŻ˰ɡ 
ףΪԵʻص˰ׯ԰ 
ѵõĶůϣǰĸᡣȵĿȱϵ۾ 
ߺ¶ȴûܴӼӪѾص˰ԼĲҵԼɪصѧУѧҵǳսĴѾʼһһر޸ˡڼֻ֪ȥǻˣǲź 
ҼǵԼ뿪ʱȥɯĹΪȱ϶Եúܳ¾ɣϸĵΪɨɾԺҺܱǸΪԼɪ˵ĺȷ죻ԭΪԼָ߹רһһһֻӵһˡھ֪֮ԼųױѵġҲһҪǷ 
һͬΣ뿪֮ǰ˵ĻôڵؽãܹõϢɡ 
źǵеԺ󣬺ֻһ˱ϡ 
̾һ۾˽Ų 
ЩȺſˡϵë̺ѱӵ˳ȥ 
ǳΪЧ͡һЩɳȴǳϤҶ 
ڵϣһ񱻵Ƶعͷ 
ͷõĽ·ǳѣĿʯ۾ЦĿҡ 
һΣ 
Ϊʲôô¶ѵұúܳ𣿡Ǹɫװ򢡣 
˺ܶ࣬ͷˣǶп˵İ̺ۣǿôˡ 
ҼֱԼ۾˹пˣ㡭ţ 
ǰذҰӣΪҲǸ¸ҵʿɣڷһұȥˣԾ;ڰȫĵط 
ˡ 
ԣΪͷŵս˻ 
ظĦǿ˵İ̺ۣ˵ 
ҵЦ˵֪𣿺ϣǰһӶ㣬ΪƳЩĻҿǷ˲أһǮûˡ 
Ŷ˼Ҳܰϳȥˣ 
Ը⣬ҲԹӶһµ߹ܼʲôģܸɵ÷ǳá 
ˣȫûа취һμʱʲôӡһůĶӱסһֱҵ 
ðɡЦˣǹʿɲߡ 
ûϵںǣһӵʱԴߡúչҰ 
Je taime˵仰Ȼرס 
ϵ۰Ҳڽ˰ɡ 
עJe taimeҰ㡱 
ţΣġ 
֮Ҫ 
ߣE 
ҪһĶأ 
Ǹ𷢵վڲ輸ԣһĿȡԴѧôϺõĿȶĥɷĩôվƾưĻ֮ʱΪŪһЩܲϡ 
õģллҷıʣ΢ЦŶͷ 
ѿȷҵǣȻԱߵϼĶһļλ۾˽ԭλĹҸɵòԼѧúܿ죬ҲѸӦ˷ 
˳ճܴǶ˰̺ۻǺԣѾû˼ǰ㲵ӣ𽥻ָѪɫĽҲ±òˡҪǣϼҲκɫʣЩ̵ĳݶı嶼ˣǰֻʣƽͣһְ굽ƽ͡ 
ˣһˡ 
·ǸܵҵĿ⣬̧ͷЦЦƯ۾ͬʯһҺÿĶأ 
תͷЩεؿһҿڰׯ԰û˿Կҵľְ̬ѡ߳ܡͬΪαԸ񣬿罻Ȧṩ̸ʡ 
ʮ˻ô죬Ķأҵ;Ͳֵܱúһ𣿡 
ڴԲѵ˵Щʲô 
ҶתֻǸպεĿζֽ˲٣ߣ˼ǵλϰڰʲôط𣿣ıҲѷɫ 
˶٣ûһ¶ı飬ȴ˼طļϣңңĶأ㡭Ĳذ𣿡 
ҵ￩һ£漴ЦЦʹڰҲôĿȣزȥʲôϵ 
ץסҵ֣Ϊ𣿡 
ҷ˱ӣû˵ 
ڰׯ԰ܱһƽ磬ȴ޷صԭǲ뿪˻ûдĳнѳ˹п˲ͨһڰοﻹճŷ˵ѪңҲµظҺһ𣬼ʹȹǡ 
һӴ𣿡Ҿƽض˵սˣһжҪ¿ʼǵҲΪбҪȥӦеķ 
ҵ֣ůƤңˬֲִڡҲѣΪΨһץסĶҲΨһץסĶ 
Ҵ۾֪ںܸˣ˵Գ˺ܾöϷǶôİο 
ϲôսĴ˳ֵǣҲ̲ס¶΢Ц 
˵ĸԤϰôغ޵ԼɻͬھҿΪںܳһʱ¶ֻʣԼӰӣֵķʽ˸ģȴûеõκλӦ㱻ıɱҲмһһؾҺҵǣΰԼǹ£ڣЩڻһָĶĵףǴʲôʱʼءҹһ𣬻Ϊϵ˿ʱĵԱƽ 
ҲԸٵһĽߣƽһ㡣 
ذԼһֵֻȥӣûҪٻˣ˹пˣϾҪ12ˣӦÿǵǵĶȥѡһƯʥҪܶľ̿ѩѵúܺʱǿԶڷ㲻ǻ¹⡷𡭡 
ͻҴһʵĻصĽͷ­ҵļϣָҸеʹȵĺҲһӴڹƤϵ¶Щˡ 
Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ļ磬ظͷԸȫͬͷԲ𡭡Ǹִˣ˹пˡִܹɯҶҲһġԣҾ˵²ʲôġ㲻ҲҪٵˡ 
ĺٵطҵƤһվ鷿У΢һ˿ͽҵıǶˣʱ˶ڵҶʵĶأҪ𡭡 
ǵġҺźûҴ˿̵Цݣٶһ鷽ǰɡ 
 
лϵֻۣҪҸͺãƽƽһӡ 
⡶ 
ϣ 
1945123յ峿ʱ 
ӽ˱Ĳ͸˵ϣͷҫ۵Ĺʣճɫļγһ쳣˵ͼ 
"簲"Цʺá 
"ȥ·˹пˡ"Ҷ˵"䣬ġ" 
"õġ"˵ţȴߵǰӣҶͷһ£"費ҪҰһ¡" 
ҵе㷢ȣ"лл㻹ǿķȽϺãſϾͻΪͿȵġ" 
"Ŷðɡ"شӦһ뿪˴ߣùԼ˯£򿪲߽˸ڵķ䡣µĿʱԵһͬʱʼԼųα 
ǵģһˡֻҺ˵ʱΪ֪¶˶ζʲô˹пǸ¹ˣһɴ⣬ǽܹνķֿӢ--˵İŻ 
Ǹոսսƺ֮εĹϵڳΪҵ飬һ֮תһܽɫʱֻж̶̵ļСʱҲòְҵԱݼ֪ԲǼ¡ 
˵ʱſ׼ʱΪ˿Ⱥͱֽϴ֮ʦûСΪܾų̂ߵ̫ˡ 
"ſ쵽ˣˡ"ͷĹܼҸң"ϵʲάȥվġ" 
"ܺá"Ҵ򿪱ֽһ飬۵λõһЩµоĳķ鱻ǹУҵθЩ--սʤʱ˵ĳ޺ͱﵽ˿ǰǵĳ̶ȣնߵ޳ֵڶԴЩѹߵ̬ϡҿ˿ĲţͻȻе㵣ġ 
""ſ--˹пԭ֣Ѿ˷롤ϡ 
"Ѿȥˣˡ" 
"صңͰɡ" 
"õģˡ" 
Щζĺڿȣ̾˿ 
˹п˺ܴһֱۣѧǳ죬Ӿ˵˽Ľɫת˵սķӦôԼٳţԴÿ˶񣬲̸ԼĹȥԵ¹زװͿƯĽ𷢡տ۾нý̬¬ôͬҡ˵͵ȻһЩ˵Ŀ⡣Ҹ߱ҵİµѣսˣԲͲϵ˺֤ҵĻȻģǲµֿӢ۲˹п˵ı񷴶һЩŮʿ 
ҺǰǸᾫ˻СѧϰദʵȷʵֻΪߡ 
"ҳѾһС"ӵǸ˵ҸѾӵ"Ǹ"ϣ"ҿܼ˵ƶΪʱѾõһС" 
仰еļ֡ 
ϧǷŽô򵥣ֻҪպܸоۡ 
ߵʱԱ߶һݱֽǰųһκһţ̡ѩ׵ĳɫװճҾԭžװӸӢڿҵʱֽ¶һº͵Цݣ 
"簲" 
"簲"£˵"˵ķѾתȥˣȥϵѴһ°ɡ" 
Щ⣺"ҲȥûǸҪɡ"ǲسǰ֪ǡ 
"ϴﲻ˵Ὺ" 
һ£漴ͷ˵"õ"ҷ۽й¶Ц⣬ҵͻȻĪе㷢ˡ 
Լŵҵʱſ鷿ҵȵˡ 
ʲλӰĵʦڿҰϵĲƲύ˹пˣȻλʲȥϢԼŵʦȥٷҽλεʱҺֵطֵʦ۾һ˿ȺԻ󣬵ֹڳš 
źׯ԰ԺҺ˹пܳˡŵСγĹ·ʻʱͻȻҲúܺã·ĳЩӰڲ֪бѹײ㡣ΪϵʣҲûԼԼζȻǶ죬ȴѾͬ˳ɰˡ 
뵽ǰĶԻתͷǸŷ̵ˣ"˹пˣҪʲôʥ" 
""˼άȻûͬ 
ĵظǰ鷿ʱ׼ʲôʥڱƷʯһ۾ңȻЦˣ"˵ģĶأҿɴûйһϵʥڡСʱĸû˼ԸǮƣǸ˵ķԺƺԸʥڵʱһ𳪵ʫĵľ裬;ͰѴҸϻطһҲ1224ϵ׵ʲô" 
ôƽҵͷȴܲûյʥ 
"аĸɿСǳóԡǸҲ͸Ҽ飬硶ҵķܶһģҴûһЩ߰Ů˸Ķ˼ĳһλλСȻԼˡ"Цͦ⡣ 
Ҳ̲סǣ"Ȼôʥڰɣһһʥ" 
תͷ˿ңĬƬ̣ش𵽣"ðҷǳڴ" 
ִĬ׸Сʱû磬ڼﴦ˰תķתͬȻ˹п˵һҳʥƷСȥҪԼֿһɼ߰Ȼûоյô 
ǹչĶߵĽֽʱһӵԶðʧкӷɿܹײϡ˹пһѷסңʵ"ʲôˣ" 
"ץһɴӣ"ĺ˷ܵؽе"ǹˣ" 
̧ͷ˳ָķȥֻһȺקһŮӳ߹ˣǴţÿ϶˷ŭޣӡҿǸһֱڿ޺ŮˣᣬƯȴһƬ飬ɫĳһ긾Ůץֱ۳ĵȪȥ 
ҵĽˣΪǻʲô 
Ⱥ˰ŮϵȪΧڵϣ˺·ͷȥŮüƯĳһһصؽΧ·˽Χ£ѾǵһηˣĮͼ۹⿴һУͼˮһΧŮˡ 
ǰȨŭʱǾĿֲۿԼļ԰̤һУڱǹСǼ˺ΪɱͽӪҲѵشľЬŴֲ·ȹЩʶȱӣ޵¹ˣЩ¹ϴŮˣΪҸɽΪǰ˵ˡڷźѾܶοЩͶ¹˵ķ鱻ǹͨеŮͷϳкʹ 
ʹжôɣıһּµΪ 
ǰĳҵθ޷ƵسʹǸŮ˵Ŀ޺̶͸Ⱥֱ̲סתͷס˹п˵֣"߰ɣ뿪죡" 
ҵ۾¶һ̣ҺĳζʲôǱ뿪ط 
ʱڽֽǵķҿһŮӱڵĴǣ˹޻˿ɰСɫͷʹһ۾ͱϳĸ˭ӵĿǸѹڵϵŮһͷѾˣеطŪѪǰǺӵĸŮرһ 
"Сֹ"һ˳Ǻ𵽣"ɣ¹˵ӣ" 
һЩСϵʯӶȥŴ˵ĽŮ˱ĺʧǵˣŭȺԴԴϵš 
ҾԼڱһּìܡŷŭͿ־Ķռˡ˹п˲סң˵"ȥɣĶأǻذׯ԰ȥǲ 
ҷصͷǵģǵģѾûȥԼʥڸôˣֻؼҡ 
ڻسѾ޷ٸˣԭѹĵ׵ӰһŪҺܲ˹пڰؿһ۾רĵؿǰĵ··ûзĵעֻ֪ǲңΪڹͬһ¡ 
ǵ¹ˣ 
ڷ 
̾˿սһжϣķչȥҰͷö˵ 
"õģ˹пˡõģû֪ݡ" 
ûпңȴüë"ģĶأһҲҵĵĲ" 
ҳĬˣӱƵĺ۾ 
ǻصׯ԰ʱѾˣſ˸ҵʦѾѸٵԺˣҿȥԡҲݲݵص˰ӱʾ⣬Ȼص鷿֧ƱݸǸʦ 
ӹл۾ȴͷ˹пˡɻǷʲô⡣ 
"ܱǸ"ɳƣ·ܹʲôˣ"ֻǾ졣 
"Ŷ"ҵͷһ£"Ǽ棿" 
""ҡҡͷ"ڰʱΪμб¹˴ʱҺ󡭡󿴼иٺ񡭡ƺһ˵ǰµˣ" 
ҸЦ"ǰҵġһλѡ" 
"ǻŪˡ"ȫҵĻ"ôܸ¹˴򽻵أ" 
ҾÿҪˣͣ˼ֺҺòײⳡ̸ѵʦˡ 
ҰŰ֣ͷܱߵˡ֪ʲôʱҲעҵϣҲ֪ǷʶҺ͵ʦ̸۹顣ӱĴսϵıģ壬۾κʱ򶼳䡣Īظеһֲⲻڼõ֤ʵ 
ֵıǴҵĳ￪ʼġ 
߶̫̫ԭǸͦƵСˣһصׯ԰ǶʱļҺ̲һ˹п˵ĵҲʾӭΪĶӲμλ֮һ¹˵ĽУͬЩսܵ˺ˡҷǵĿܲԾرǶ˹п˵ʱ̽ɵɫôҲβˡ 
ȻǼ˹ҵ͡Сֱڿ죬ϲڰׯ԰¹ռǶſһֱľرⴱӡ϶ңÿοʱʲôҪ˵ȴȥ 
ΨһľſˣҸʱʼׯ԰ĹܼңƺûʲôƻĹҼζѯʵôˣҲԼ²Ĵ𰸡 
Ҷоׯ԰յı仯ô˹пһҲ׳⣬Ϊʲôȴأ 
ԼºҲ֪ˣĳЩѾʼڸȥݾǣ 
ŵ߲ǵ¹ 
¥ݵʱ˹͵鷿ҿʲάȥӰҵϻһܹŹֵı飬պͨͨģ˳˼ܡ 
룬ǿôˡ 
"ûûʲô"տʼԸҡ 
Ц磺"˹治ϲ»ҵӣʮʶңѵ" 
"ǵģ"æһ䣬"ֻǡֻǲ֪ô˵" 
"ʵ˵Ҳܹ֣ǲʲô鷳ˣ" 
ҡҡͷ"鷳Ĳңѵû˵Щˡ˵ϵˣ˵Ǹɴ⣡" 
һ˲Ŀհףűð亹-- 
Ȼˣ 
ҾԼ"˭˵ģ" 
"ά˵ϴǸĵʦڻȥʱŵӵƷʷˣ"ԥؿң"⡭" 
"ᡭ"Һ֧ţȻǱˡ 
ôشѵҪһжģڸⴱǸ˵ȷʵմŷ˵ѪģǻʲôĽ 
Ѿɢ鷳Щ֪롣ڷһ綼ûгȥֱһҴҵ˼άлѡ 
"Ķأôˣ"˹пˣվſڣҡ 
æװģؿȻʾԼе㲻ˡ 
̾˿ûϣ뿪ǰĴ̨ 
"ôԽѵıȴ˲أĶأ"ͳһ̵ȼ"Ҷ֪ˡ 
Ҳ"֪֪ʲô㲻ҪϹ˵" 
"ҵݰѾڸ˰ɡ"ôɣ̸һ޹ؽҪ飬ͻȻеջ 
"ôҲӦζʲôɣ"ҰͷŤһߡ"սѾˣǷж޵¹ˣ㲻᲻˽⡣ݱ¶ˣô綼鷳ģʹҲֹ" 
ɫ۾Ŵ̫ң"ҪҴô" 
ҵͷһʹ֪ôش--ҲῴܵĽΪȹңȹʮλͬ־ȷʵҲɱˣۼâءڿǹҸôȥΪأ 
˹пעұòɫͻȻݺݵһ̡ߵǰϾȻβסʹࣺ 
"ĶأҲκ£ǡҡ" 
 
ͻȻʶԼ˶ôп飡 
ǰѾ˹ȥһУҪŬزԼǰһСΪ˲ڶսϣңʣµֻңȴʱ԰οһŵ 
ĬĬת׼뿪̲סס֡Щȵתͷң˫ʹһĳЩ 
˻ɤӵ˵"Բ𡭡" 
һ˫͵ذҴһûлعͱ§һţȵǲϵҵĶͷպ촽ϡ˹пһֱ૵Ҷߺҵ֡ұ˫ۣסӡ 
ǰѾսʲôǲܿ˷أ 
"Ҳġ"ظ"Զᣡ" 
֮  
£ 
ʱһȥʥҲԽԽˡ˹п˺ѾʼﻮôѵõĽա 
սŷ޵ƶǰָҪܳʱָܻ˵Ĵܽ⣬Ϊܶʱ򲢲ǮԼҪĶſ˺ܻᾫϸ㣬͸ĸ׽ڵʱһׯ԰һжٰþ 
ĵ˼Ÿ͸˹пʲôӦһ벻׼ƽҹһϲ 
Դŵ֮ȻǸӣ֪ܸˡʱ΢΢̵Ǻͬһ峺۾ﶼֳһ""Ķ 
ȻѾǰΧˣǶоʵʱвġĿ⿴ǣʲάÿﶼ÷ŭɨ˹п˵߶̫̫ͼ˹ٸɫĮҪʱȴֵ۹⿴ҡ 
˹п˷·ʲôҲûоƵģ˽ھǵĺøСԱ˵ļ̽κηӦº͵˵ȥæҪڴǰôҲҲǫҺȻʱԼʼеѹˡ 
ԻǵĽ1217磬ſ˸ϵĸٰݷҡ 
ӵ磬ҲһλµֿӢۣһĿ˺ۡҵɳʱֱӵںѹ⡣ 
"һЩܲõĴţǹ顣"ĺɫ۾ң"˵ǵ¹ˣ" 
ƽı黺˵ͷ"ǵġ" 
"˵ǰµˡ" 
"ΪҲʲô鷳" 
һ"ȴ˸鷳е˶֪ǵӢۼһ¹ˣ¹˻Ǹɴ⣡" 
"עôʣ"̲סüͷ"''Ǹɴ⣬ûǸƽ" 
"ƽ"ٰĺӶҪˣ"Ǹﷸǵɱ˷ӦñУ" 
"ҲȹˣӢԱʮһˣлңΪ͵˶˹һ" 
Щؿң·ûҵĻѹסĶǣǿü̵˵ǰЩĶǵ¡ 
ӵϵıڻɣΪûи˹пΪʲôǣܲ˵ΪҰɡ 
"˵ģ"˫ֶ˵"˵ľһ¡" 
"ǲǹӦ֪ϾҲ˵ڰĻ" 
"ǵģǵġ"ͷ"һȥġܲңûɱˣ" 
ҾԼͷЩӲһ޷ϺͻرܵʵҺһ˲俴˰âڲѪס 
۲һһܿˡһ"Ҷˣǰµǲܵġҽܹͣ˵е" 
Ҳκһʱ侹˵ݵظҸǣǿ˼ſȥڿŹԺһ˫ȵִӱסҵļ磬Ϥˮζҵıӡ 
"лл㣬Ķء"˹пůůĺҵĶߣҴĿֱЩƣ̾˿ϵֱ£ˣһŽɫͷ­Ҳϣڰο 
"Ҫ˹пˣҪġ"ת"˵һģҲ뿪" 
"ǵģǵģ֪"ЦЦҵĶͷȻң"ƯĶء㲻֪Լ۾жô峺ÿ¶ȥһµʱǾʯһ" 
ҵһȣ"ʱͰɣ" 
""Ŀִǰָ٬"ҷȫǷԷθģѵûзÿһ۾͸Ӱ" 
̲סЦˣ"ҡ" 
"ġ"ϸϸҵ"Ұ㣬ǳҲ뿪û뿪" 
Ǿһ𣬵ȴķ粨 
ٰǸˣûڵڶ˹пˣĵȴ֤ʵЩԲǿѨ硣ׯ԰ǴĳֹϺ͸߹ȻΪһЩ¸ҺȴȻ˳źǵԴͷ 
߶̫̫Ҹ˼٣˹Ȼ޾ɵġЩ·ˣǻָָ˽һЩ˵ܶĻҿʼٳţȻû뵽龹ȻñĻҪԶ 
Լһںյ԰ĵ籨ʥǰҪҡҲ֪˹п¶ڿǲܡҵǺЧʵػָǵĲҵȻܺսǰȣôҲæµĹͻȻľܲҸеЩΣ֪Щԡ 
˺ܶ࣬ĺúƯŨܶ룻ȴӣǱȼǰӳȡǷ糾͵شһӵ 
"ģĶأ"ҵѴң"Ϊʲô㻹ôᣬڴѧʱʶϵǲƽ" 
ЦЦ--ôûϣô飬˪ӡͿ϶ͷˣҲǳʤڴǰƽ˺ܶࡣ 
"ôŵ˵⹧άһҲá"Ұ˿ſ˺ͼ˹ѿǵ͵ɳʱһʱŮͶ˿Ⱥ;ơ 
ɵг˸˻һ̽ĴҲµ˶ߡںԺ֣ƺҲѡ񿪿ڵķʽ""Ϊǵķƣ"˵һжϹһЩԱڿǻ" 
"Ŷǵġ"ͷ"'ҹݺ'п飬Ȼˣֻͣڹ뷽档" 
"һȫֵ֧ģᣬҪʲôܸ˵" 
"ʽû⣬ҪǵƸˡ֪ܶҪôѾҪôʧɢˣҵ" 
"ǵģձ顣"Ƕ"ҼǰյǰƬƤ׶عúܺãӲطˣҵ˴棬ȷʵɵò" 
ɺɿؽһվͨ鷿ţ"˹пˣһº" 
Ǹͷ𷢵ɫ糣߽ʱҿҵλ¶ŵı顣 
"ϵۣ""" 
"Ȼǡ"΢ЦŽܵ"һʶˣλ˹пˡҵ顣" 
"Ǻá"""ҵ֡ 
Ȼ𾪵޷ΣɻǱһò 
"ģۼǻΪЩĵں˵"ῴң"Ķأڰ˲ϢŸģû뵽У--ǿ--Ȼ" 
"Ҳ²µΪġ"һֱһã"Ͼ顣" 
"飿"üͷ"ִ˿²˰ɣ˼׼Ķء" 
"Ըǵô"ҡ 
"ǿһ"ƽ˵"˹пѾǵ¹ʿҲսˣȾӷİµ񣬶ҵ顣ڱͷԺеĻ͹ϵ˰µȻ" 
ɻɵؿŶˣ΢ЦѾЧظԲǿЦ 
תˣ"ܱǸ˹пˣȥſ˰Žͺ" 
۾ֱֱĿһ߳ȥˡ 
һ"֪Ķأǰǣûİˡڲÿ˶֪ĺ£Ǻ޵¹ˣرǵɴĵ¹ˡ鷳ģ鷳Ѿˡ" 
"ȫȷ"ɵļӿʼ"ͨİµˣûϵĹȥѾ֪ܶˣڰǶ˷ȻǵֿӢۣǵƾҲܻ㣡" 
"֪" 
"--" 
"ɣ"ҴҪ˵Ļ"ЩҶˣҪġ" 
"Ϊʲô"ӵ۾Ҫͻˣ 
һعͷɣ"˵ѣһҪΪѾļˡ 
ӵùŹֵĿ⿴ңȻƵתᡣ 
"ʲô˼Ķأ"ң"ҪգҼǵأ 
"˹пڵ¹ѾûκˣңҲҵѣΪʧȥһУѵӦûر" 
"ǡ" 
"֪ΪҵģҸϣǰߡ" 
üͷĬƬ̣̾˿"Ҿ" 
"лл"֣"ҲѾϵӢǱߵѣƤҵǻҵ籨" 
¯ĻȼţΪ˿һĹϵҾůͣҲȥŪǶѻ硣ɺѾ˯ˣ;ƣ롣 
"ô"˹п޳ָǰͷ"ѲԸ￴ҡ" 
"ֻǺܳԾûκε⡣" 
"ţ֪Ҷ˵ǿŶʱը" 
̲סЦˣ"ûôأѾŵרˣĺˡ" 
סҵ֣ǣ"ףҲ뱨㵱ľ֪֮ǵϵҲûˡ" 
ҵЦЩӲ"ǲǻڵҵӱ" 
"Ϊҵר" 
"˹пˣ˹пˡ"Ұ΢ȵؿڣ"ѵô𣿱˵㣬۷ʲô¡֪˵ĳ޺֪Ҳ֪ʲôսʤޣҲ㣬Զᡭ" 
Ĵְ˴þˡұ۾ߴƵ 
"лл" 
Ǹųִֹˣ֪ñΪҺ˹пˣҲԸɯڶηҪˣȥǿȥӢȥʿȥȥκһĵط 
ڶʱѾˣ֪ѾԼķ䡣ҺȻĶЩ࣬Ͽ۵ʱ˵"簲"ܼĲ 
ɵﰢׯ԰ĵ죬𾴵ĸٰҴһϢĬ׵ĵطٺһʽ֤˹пˣǾ 
򶨵رʾͬ⣬ǰѵص㶨ҵׯ԰˹п˵ȥᵽ̨飬˵һеս˼׼ˡɴӦңƤҲ׶ҵ˵˹п˰æµԱ֮һʣµͿԼˡ 
¶˾ģҵ鷴ƽʱʥڵǰʮʹſˣǲǰӦĶˣشҸеȫ嵥ϡҸҰǼ˹п˵Ҫ""ˣ 1220ͼ˹ôׯ԰ 
"п㹻ˣҺᡢǵøЩ̸ܾãϣ˴š" 
ͷϹܼûɫ鿴ңȻ˵"ǣ" 
ȫǰѩľͻݶصÿˣĿǳţȻı¯ 
Ҳ¥ˣǴʽ·ɫأҸеЩЦ 
"ι"ɿҵıһӣ"Ϊ㵱˵ͰǸм̬" 
ҷ֣ס˵ļ򣬵˵"ллķǳл 
ĴֱģҿɵĶ淺غɫܴ³ذƿһƴұϣ"ĶأԽԽƸˣ" 
ζص"ܶ"̲ס˼Цתͷ˹п˶ſȺ;ſҡĽú룬¶ƽĶͷ۾һӡҵӰ 
ҳ֣Ծظֳޱ΢Ц 
ĿòеطٿϽͱԱ˹ŷ˹ڰиģСı磬ҵ""ٰǱڿʱҷǳΪϣȻ΢Цŵǿڡ 
ǵĿ˹пͣúܾãǰҵݺԼĵλûһꡣ 
"ˡ"˵ǿǼ٣"뾯Ѿ˵ǽĿˡ" 
"ǵģ¡" 
ʮĳĺ룺"ôҪǷǵ¹ˡ" 
΢΢һЦ"ǡѾǰµˡ" 
ٰת˹пˣ"Ļشأ" 
"£"ߵ򶨵˵"Ǹ¹ˣԭշ롤µԺĻĸ׵ա" 
"սʱڵ¹з" 
"ǵġ" 
Ļشÿϸֳܲɫ˹п̹Ļشе㴥˴ҵ 
"ʲôţ"˹Աʡ 
˹п˿˿ң˵"ӡ" 
ؿ仰ÿǶһɺԱͶ˵ǵ 
"ô˵ռݽ˷"ŷ˹Աüʵ 
"ǵġ" 
"ʱĹʲô" 
"Ѳֿӡ" 
Աŭؿһۣʣ"ʱû˺ˣЩڷսԱƽ" 
˹пɫ۾Բһ£õͳش"ǵģйʱҵ񡭡" 
ĴһӽͰǶ޷ѹֵŭѾ۾￪ʼȼա 
"ǳʵȻԼк֮߳ģ˸ݳ"ŷ˹Ա˵Ȼתң"ˣﷸҲԽ" 
"£ŷ˹Ա"곤ļٿԼ"ˣܹνĵֿӢۣ֪ӦΪսǰ 
"£"֪ѵĶԻʼˣֱͦ˼"֮ôҲгɵġٰ߹ȹң֪ɡ" 
˵ͷ 
"λ֪ڰμӹµֿ֯ҾȹܶˣӳҲָӰɱܶ¹٣ڼڻ˵ȫøлߵˡ" 
Ҹ߼λŭķʿǿеսﷸΪ˱ҶˣҼڶӵɻʹΪŪŻգӢԱѸ̫׷Ϊ߰Ǿ˱ʮˣΪڻǶ˾У䵽ս˵ս 
"ΪһУѾϴ֮ǰˡ" 
Ϊ侲ҵôļöļ˶Ծط˼⡣˵һ仰ʱ˹п˵ĿҵĲ棬ôȡתͷй¶һ˿׾Ц⣬ָо--ⳡǻᱻϷͥѾˡ 
ڳ˼˹Ƭ̺ȿڣ"ˣ֪˵ѣҪ֤֤˵ʵ" 
"ҵǾ֤ݡ"ҳɺȥ"ǡ" 
ҵλ֣صı飬ƾϵۺ˵巢ģȻʼǳĶǵӪȡҿλԱı齥΢΢˵ͷǵĻóƤĲϡ 
"ӢʼҿվΡУṩ֤1941걻ߵԱ֮һһλѾۣһλ1945½սǶҺͿĻ뿪ġϵӢ飬УһԸΪ֤ 
ٴ۾˿Ȼݸ˹Ա 
"ˣһһ⡣"ŷ˹Աңʵ 
˸""ơ 
"ܸΪʲôĵİҾðôΣЩ£һĳԭ" 
ҵеҪڣ˹пȴͻȻӹ˻"Ϊѡ 
"ѣ" 
"ǵġ"˺ԥصͷ"ڳμ˵ʱͱˣһĹ壬ҺύȻйᡣҾȳδޣҵλС㣬ʹ˷ǳģұ벹ܵز" 
ĻԱе⣬ҶԸгԾ 
ı͵ͳÿֵŵİʾڿϿ滺üͷ 
"𡭡"ŷ˹ԱĿŰŰɡ 
"ǵģͬ˵һ"Ҽػش𵽣"ҵδڵ¹ǿǺޱġӦңҲһɴսѾǺܶණЩֿ" 
ٰһͶ˼Ŀ⣬ҪǸǼۡ 
Ұ鷿Ȼص˹пߡ۾ңʲôҲû˵ȴסҵ֡ǣɳͷƲ飬ƫƫͷ"ûµġҡ" 
ԼʮӣλڻصǰǼ˵ЩϺ֤ΣȻٿǷ˹пˡҸһĵٵȴǵĴ𸴡 
߳ׯ԰ʱ̫ѩյ÷ף̼ҵƤҺ˿ɢпȥ 
֮  
β 
ʥǰ죬ɾذ裬˻ܺúùսһž۵ĽաҺ˹пׯ԰ſͱǵʱɻرǿѾ֤ʽˣϢ̸˵--⵱Ȼû⡣ 
Ŀȴһֱ˼Һ˹пضϳʱͻȻңӦöȥ蹫Ĺ￴ɯ 
"ƽΪѾˡ"·ЦƵ˵š 
""ش"Զĵס" 
΢΢ֵնһ£ͻȻЦˣ"𡭡ΣĶأֻҪҸͺá" 
ұסļĵ׸мϵۣԭһǺܿݵġ 
ʥúܿ죬Ȼ˹ҲصĸǱȥˣɰׯ԰ҡſ˺˹п˵ĲҲܰաȥһòСİڴҰһЩɰСȥûŮôϸģȥҲ˹пѧҵӱֱŵͬ£ҾȵطȻҲôõʱ 
ƽҹ¯ĻȼúſΪһٲʢȴζѵ͡˹пҵ١ 
ܾûнӴ̣ҾԼָЩӲˣǡ¹⡷ĵӵǷǳϤġЩůĿƯţһ㡣Ҹ˹пǽʱȻԵЩš 
ſ˷ֱһ׷ˮ껪һʫҺ˹п͸һѩѺһ̶֧ɰͷЦúܿġ 
ҵ""͸ҵһ黳ƽǺ£óûá 
"԰ĵط"úܵ͵ңȻǰһ£"" 
ҵ΢΢ȣ˵ллʹ˻ȻһߵϹܼ˵"ſˣȥ͸''" 
ҳգգ۾˹пüëҡ 
"һ"ɳ 
һһССӰڹܼҺ˽δĿ˵ոڳáſ˰źɫ׵С쵽ҸǰԲԲĿɿڴЦ 
"ҸǹͬŮҽɯ" 
˹п˵ϴûôḻı顣 
"ǵǸͷϳĬ׵Ůɱˣӱ·ߺպſˡҾҲԳΪǵĺӡ" 
"Ķء" 
ұź΢Ц"һļң˹пˡ" 
ҿó˶ſסԼû˹סңŮǴЦҪˡ˫һ۾ڻĺˮͻȻǳȥ 
ҰѺӽſˣȥ˯ϵһ̵̣Ĵѹҵϡǽӵţ޲ý˴û˿ĶҹǼڻı˴ˡ 
Ƿ""͵ʱҿԸ˹п˵ո 
ǵõԶҸ 
END 
֮ 涯 
ҵĶǸŹֵļһĵһҾͿˡⲢΪ̫ǡǡ෴Ưĸ߸ӣӢϣһͷĽ𷢣ͦΣֱǱ׼ӡĳһҲ⿴֡˹п??֪йѪͳ 
ɾһڵˣȻͨͨƽʿһصӪŲɿڵķˣڹηʱճվڡ͵͵ۣƺǷʲôű䵽ģϢȴûбȷϹ һ쵽Ҿ֪ϲΪκ˶һӣģǳ䵭򷢵ˣԵû˸ʲô֮ܺλȫΪҵ̡ 
һصӪʱͿŹӵĴǰĬĬյİɫޱ顣ЩȻؿȻҵıӡ 
汧ǸݷǴӳ˼ѹƵģ˿˼ 
[ɣҪҰæ𣿡 ҿ¶һЦݣ 
ʵûд˵ôĮҲΪʲôԶ̬ȶԴˡ ˵˵һλԺżҲҼ򵥵ϼ䡣̸һҲΧŮ˺ⳡս̸һЩŵַĶкܶû顣شѧһЩǰδѧĶоҲôദ 
ʶԺΪʲôҽΪӽ¶˵ЦݣΪϲɫͷɫ۾ ڷңġΪκµ̬ȶôƮƮģƺûʲôע⡣𽥷ҲӵĶǾÿ»ᶨʱȥţÿζǱһֽ֣صصԺŽŷȻдϰĳİĵַϰֱҺֿΪֹûиı䡣 
ֲʱ˻ǲӾͻˣһͷӡò̽Ŀڷ磬ûеõκδ𰸡 
ڷ˶оϰĴڡ 
ڷңڱ˹ž˱ʱˣڽӵԮʦӪ·ϸսȻδսһ˿η壬˶ΪԪЧҵûᣬģװȴԼʦʱ顣 
㲻ȥ𣿡˽ѵ㲻ΪԪӮⳡս 
ҵҪɲߡÿЦĿ˵ֻȥ 
ĻٵĶˣһᱻֵģҺܲĵؾȻʼԼ 
ʵ֤Ļķǳʵ 
Ǹϵ˹ָոʱ򣬱˹ž͡ٺӡžѾһͿ˵ڵسͦƷÿصڵըˣ˲ۿԼʮ׵ĵط˱ը˫ȣѪģطš 
µҪȴԼܶӵÿεĳ涼ɵƵĵĳǰܡҲ֪Լɱ˶ˣÿ϶ŵŻѪζ 
ӵԽԽ࣬Ȼ˹п??ȴһֱˡ֪սܶսӵļӣⲫʱȴ˭ͣҵȫλãҲΪ˱Լƴȫ 
ʹҲ޷ΪǸС֪ʵԼĻֻȥ 
˹˷裬ռеȼϣܴĶϣһһؼһȡůϣùꨵʱҿڻ谵ú͵£Ǹòŵ߬סǦѵдʲôȻ֣صصãŽŷ⣬˻Խ˯ߡ 
㻹д𣿡ͳİ̾ݸǲǸˣ 
¶΢ЦҪˡ 
Ϊʲôûлţ 
Ϊڰ衣Ӻۻ˸ңһȥܼˡ 
ȥЦܻŴط뿪ллأ 
Ȼһȥģ˵һѾ飬ұȥһü 
ɫ۾¶һĹʣһ˲һͷȫսʬѣŻؼҵ·ҡҡλεȥ 
ûǰžһڶ˹ϣأճʱΪԪµ־һһ쵭Įұ˼ԶĽڵĸĸĺףҵĶѻɱԭһδεļսŬȥ֪ʲôʱʼҾȻҲʼЧΪҲȥ 
ϵϤǰսĲп׻ٵ˵ǣֻʣ·񣡿ԵǸȴʼձŸ侲ϸĵطһжս϶ԼôµսѵʬΪԼӵ 
ҽΪļʲŸ 
һֱֱ1944ףһսǱ˷²ˡ 
սֱֻõݣһȦǻ޵˿Զʳϡ٣սӪҲû뱸ҽʩܶԱڲϵȥÿ˶ָ˷صͶÿ۵õ¾˯ˡ 
ҿʼΪʲôμⳡ޴սΪһ˵ķԼһҲϵϵһҪлȥͺףֻһۡ 
Ψһɫһ⡣ 
Ĭ˵Űսϵļһô侲طΧȻץסһлȥ 
ڱʱ˵ˣͲϻɴճɻʿĴֳ˵ǫһǰǸ߰ǲѾˡʵ֤ǶҪûһ˱˳شطʱܺͿǵʿϼ䡣 
ڻرĸԼԺһսϢĳҲ˭Ըеսһĵ¹ս˵˺ʿȡ 
ϣҿڴ˯Ժ͵͵ﵽӪ棬òպúͣȻµػ졣 
ʼҲΪʲôһں˵ˣڰ﷿µʱ򱻴Ļ·ԭûõ˾͸ˡ 
һȫˣҲ߱ô¡֪ΪʲôֻǺĽ 
ֹڣսˣڵҳҵ˹п??֡ 
ڣڿȥԼҪ˰ɣ 
ҼϲʧӵȺ̧ͷŻɵգͻȻ뵽ҲԼڽӼǿΪҲбȥɡ 
------------The End--------------- 
֮ Ҫ 
ҪһĶأ 
Ǹ𷢵վڲ輸ԣһĿȡԴѧôϺõĿȶĥɷĩôվƾưĻ֮ʱΪŪһЩܲϡ 
õģллҷıʣ΢ЦŶͷ 
ѿȷҵǣȻԱߵϼĶһļλ۾˽ԭλĹҸɵòԼѧúܿ죬ҲѸӦ˷ 
˳ճܴǶ˰̺ۻǺԣѾû˼ǰ㲵ӣ𽥻ָѪɫĽҲ±òˡҪǣϼҲκɫʣЩ̵ĳݶı嶼ˣǰֻʣƽͣһְ굽ƽ͡ 
ˣһˡ 
·ǸܵҵĿ⣬̧ͷЦЦƯ۾ͬʯһҺÿĶأ 
תͷЩεؿһҿڰׯ԰û˿Կҵľְ̬ѡ߳ܡͬΪαԸ񣬿罻Ȧṩ̸ʡ 
ʮ˻ô죬Ķأҵ;Ͳֵܱúһ𣿡 
ڴԲѵ˵Щʲô 
ҶתֻǸպεĿζֽ˲٣ߣ˼ǵλϰڰʲôط𣿣ıҲѷɫ 
˶٣ûһ¶ı飬ȴ˼طļϣңңĶأ㡭Ĳذ𣿡 
ҵ￩һ£漴ЦЦʹڰҲôĿȣزȥʲôϵ 
ץסҵ֣Ϊ𣿡 
ҷ˱ӣû˵ 
ڰׯ԰ܱһƽ磬ȴ޷صԭǲ뿪˻ûдĳнѳ˹п˲ͨһڰοﻹճŷ˵ѪңҲµظҺһ𣬼ʹȹǡ 
һӴ𣿡Ҿƽض˵սˣһжҪ¿ʼǵҲΪбҪȥӦеķ 
ҵ֣ůƤңˬֲִڡҲѣΪΨһץסĶҲΨһץסĶ 
Ҵ۾֪ںܸˣ˵Գ˺ܾöϷǶôİο 
ϲôսĴ˳ֵǣҲ̲ס¶΢Ц 
˵ĸԤϰôغ޵ԼɻͬھҿΪںܳһʱ¶ֻʣԼӰӣֵķʽ˸ģȴûеõκλӦ㱻ıɱҲмһһؾҺҵǣΰԼǹ£ڣЩڻһָĶĵףǴʲôʱʼءҹһ𣬻Ϊϵ˿ʱĵԱƽ 
ҲԸٵһĽߣƽһ㡣 
ذԼһֵֻȥӣûҪٻˣ˹пˣϾҪ12ˣӦÿǵǵĶȥѡһƯʥҪܶľ̿ѩѵúܺʱǿԶڷ㲻ǻ¹⡷𡭡 
ͻҴһʵĻصĽͷ­ҵļϣָҸеʹȵĺҲһӴڹƤϵ¶Щˡ 
Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ļ磬ظͷԸȫͬͷԲ𡭡Ǹִˣ˹пˡִܹɯҶҲһġԣҾ˵²ʲôġ㲻ҲҪٵˡ 
ĺٵطҵƤһվ鷿У΢һ˿ͽҵıǶˣʱ˶ڵҶʵĶأҪ𡭡 
ǵġҺźûҴ˿̵Цݣٶһ鷽ǰɡ 
 
лϵֻۣҪҸͺãƽƽһӡ 
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